Introduction

Question 1

General Characteristics of Fungi

Answer 1

Eukaryotic
Nonmotile
Achlorophyllous
Chitin in Cell Wall
Ergosterol in Cell Membrane
Chemoheterotrophic
Saprophytic in natures
Obligate and facultative aerobes
Asexual and sexual spores for reproduction
Dimorphic

Question 2

Founder of Scientific Mycology

Answer 2

Pier Antonio Mitcheli

Question 3

Father of Modern Taxonomy of Mushrooms

Answer 3

Elias Magnus Fries

Question 4

Christian Handrik Persoon

Answer 4

Father of Systemic Mycology

Question 5

Father of Medical Mycology

Answer 5

Raymond Saboraud

Question 6

Two Forms of Fungi

Answer 6

Yeast

Molds

Question 7

This forms “pseudo hyphae” through budding

Answer 7

Yeast

Question 8

These are multicellular filamentous organisms forming branching cylindrical tubules

Answer 8

Molds

Question 9

Colonial Morphology of Yeast

Answer 9

Moist, Creamy, Opaque, Pasty

Question 10

Colonial Morphology of Molds

Answer 10

Fluffy, Cottony, Wool, Powdery and Granular

Question 11

Basic structural unit of Molds or the thallus

Answer 11

Hyphae

Question 12

Septate Hypha

Answer 12

divides cells by cross walls or transverse walls

Question 13

Aseptate Hypha

Answer 13

Multinucleated; without division or cross walls

Question 14

Spiral Hypha

Answer 14

Coiled hypha

Question 15

Nodular Hypha

Answer 15

Knots of twisted Hypha

Question 16

Raquet Hypha

Answer 16

Club shaped

Question 17

Pectinate Hypha

Answer 17

Broken comb appearance

Question 18

Favic Hypha

Answer 18

Antler shaped hypha like deers

Question 19

Pheoid Hyphae

Answer 19

With melanin pigments

Question 20

Hyaline Hyphae

Answer 20

Without pigment in cell wall

Question 21

Mycelia

Answer 21

Formed from accumulation during growth of intertwined hyphae

Question 22

Two Types of Mycelia

Answer 22

Vegetative Mycelia: Thallus; Penetrates the medium and grows below the surface
Aerial Mycelia: Reproductive part; growth above the surface

Question 23

Fertile Mycelia

Answer 23

Bears the reproductive structure, conidia or sporangia and produces spores

Question 24

Differentiate.

Saprophytic Fungi vs. Parasitic Fungi

Answer 24

Saprophytic Fungi feeds DEAD organisms/tissues

Parasitic fungi feeds LIVING organisms/tissues

Question 25

Ability of Fungi to changes its structure, from molds to yeast (vice versa) based on different or changed in temperatures.

Answer 25

Dimorphism

Question 26

True or False. Yeast Form - 22 - 30C (ambient temperature) Mold form - 30 - 37C (human tissues or body)

Answer 26

False. Mold Form - 22 - 30C (ambient temperature) Yeast form - 30 - 37C (human tissues or body)

Question 27

This causes poisoning from grains wheat and ryes causing degeneration of capillaries and neurologic impairment

Answer 27

Agent: Ergot Poisoning: Ergotism

Question 28

Fungi Imperfecti

Answer 28

Asexual spore reproduction, no known sexual stage

Question 29

Perfect Fungi

Answer 29

Sexual spore reproduction

Question 30

Types of Reproduction

Answer 30

Sexual reproduction - perfect fungi | Asexual Reproduction - imperfect fungi

Question 31

Enumerate Asexual Spores

Answer 31

1. Thallospores: Arthrospores, Blastospores, Chlamydospores. | 2. Conidia: Microconidia, Macroconidia

Question 32

Asexual production based on FRAGMENTATION at the end of the Hyphae or at point of septation

Answer 32

Arthrospores/Arthroconidia

Question 33

Asexual production due to budding of cell

Answer 33

Blastospores/Blastoconidia

Question 34

Asexual production formed by enlargement or swelling of the hyphae

Answer 34

Chlamydospores/Chlamydoconidia

Question 35

Thallospores

Answer 35

Asexual spore reproduction directly from the Hyphae or the thallus (body) itself.

Question 36

Phialides

Answer 36

Conidiaspores terminate in a swollen vesicle, appearing in "flasked shaped projections"

Question 37

Sporangiospores

Answer 37

Spores formed within a large sac-like structure, sporangium.

Question 38

Plasmogamy

Answer 38

Joining of two cells and fusion of their protoplast

Question 39

Karyogamy

Answer 39

Two haploid nuclei of two cells fuse and form diploid nucleus

Question 40

Gametangia

Answer 40

Sex organelles

Question 41

True or False. Male gametangia - OOGONIUM Female gametangia - ANTHERIDIUM

Answer 41

False. Female gametangia - OOGONIUM Male gametangia - ANTHERIDIUM

Question 42

Sexual Spores

Answer 42

Formed by nuclear fusion that undergo sexual spore reproduction called as Perfect Fungi

Question 43

Sexual Spores

Answer 43

Ascospores - produced in ASCUS (sac-like structure) Basidiospores - formed from BASIDIUM (end club shaped structure) Zygospores - conjugation of identical cells by its two hyphal tips Oospores - formed within OOGONIUM

Question 44

Zygomycetes

Answer 44

Hyphae: Sparsely Septate Hyphae Asexual reproduction: Sporangiospores Sexual reproduction: Zygospores

Question 45

Ascomycetes

Answer 45

Hyphae: True septate Hyphae Sexual spores: Ascospores Asexual spores: Conidia

Question 46

Basdiomycetes

Answer 46

Sexual spores: Basdiospores

Question 47

Deuteromycetes

Answer 47

No sexual reproduction | Asexual spores: Conidia

Question 48

This toxins from spoiled grains, and peanuts causes hepatic carcinoma and liver damage

Answer 48

Toxins: Aflatoxins (B1) Agent: Aspergillus flavus Disease: Aflatoxicoses

Question 49

Five Categories of Mycoses

Answer 49

``` Superficial Mycoses Subcutaneous Mycoses Cutaneous Mycoses Systemic Mycoses Opportunistic Mycoses ```

Question 50

Which of the following terms is best described as the process of reproduction in yeast that begins with a weakening and outpouching of the yeast cell wall and then formation of a cell wall septum between the mother and daughter yeast cells? a. Binary fission b. Unisexual division c. Budding d. Outpouch germing

Answer 50

c. Budding

Question 51

The loose intertwined network of basic structural units of the molds that penetrates the substrate from which it obtains the necessary nutrients for growth is called which of the following? a. Hyphae b. Germ tubes c. Pseudohyphae d. Mycelium

Answer 51

d. Mycelium

Question 52

Large, usuallymultiseptate and club-shaped or spindleshaped spores are called which of the following? a. Microconidia b. Macroconidia c. Conidiophores d. Phialides

Answer 52

b. Macroconidia

Question 53

``` Blastoconidia are the beginning of which structures? A. Arthroconidia B. Germ tubes C. Pseudohyphae D. True hyphae ```

Answer 53

C. Pseudohyphae