introduction

Question 1

What characteristics/features distinguish living from non-living?

Answer 1

Organisation, Nutrition, Excretion, Response & Reproduction

Question 2

Studying the human body is important to:

Answer 2

understand an organisms organisation
• further understand its different functions
• further, further understand the body’s response to injury, disease & stress

Question 3

Anatomy

Answer 3

The study of structure & the relationship among structures of the body

Question 4

Physiology

Answer 4

The study of functions of the body

Question 5

Anatomical position

Answer 5

body is
erect, feet together, palms face
forward & the thumbs point
away from the body

Question 6

sagittal plane

Answer 6

The sagittal plane splits the body down the “midline” or

middle, dividing left from right

Question 7

coronal or frontal plane

Answer 7

The coronal or frontal plane is the division between the

anterior (front) & the posterior (back) of the body

Question 8

transverse plane

Answer 8

The transverse plane divides superior part of the body

towards the top) from inferior (towards the bottom

Question 9

Superior

Answer 9

the part is above another or closer to head (cranial)

Question 10

Inferior:

Answer 10

the part is below another or towards the feet (caudal)

Question 11

Anterior

Answer 11

towards the front (the eyes are anterior to the brain)

Question 12

• Posterior:

Answer 12

toward the back (the pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity)

Question 13

Medial

Answer 13

relates to the imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right
& left halves (the nose is medial to the eyes)

Question 14

Lateral

Answer 14

towards the side with respect to the imaginary midline (the ears
are lateral to the eyes)

Question 15

Proximal

Answer 15

Closer to the centre of the body

Question 16

Distal

Answer 16

Further from the centre of the body

Question 17

Superficia

Answer 17

Closer to the skin

Question 18

Deep

Answer 18

Further from the skin

Question 19

Pronate

Answer 19

Turn the palms down or the feet outward

Question 20

Supinate

Answer 20

Turn the palms up or the feet inward

Question 21

Abduction

Answer 21

To move away from the middle of the body

Question 22

Adduction

Answer 22

– To move toward the middle of the body

Question 23

Extension

Answer 23

To straighten out a joint

Question 24

Flexion

Answer 24

– To bend a joint

Question 25

Dorsiflexion

Answer 25

To bend the foot upward at the ankle

Question 26

Plantarflexion

Answer 26

To bend the foot downward at the ankle

Question 27

Cranial

Answer 27

Closer to the head

Question 28

Closer to the head

Answer 28

– Closer to the buttocks

Question 29

Metabolism:

Answer 29

sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body

Question 30

Catabolism:

Answer 30

involves breaking down complex molecules into simpler | molecules

Question 31

Anabolism:

Answer 31

: uses energy generated from catabolism to build up the body’s structural & functional components

Question 32

Responsiveness/Sensitivity

Answer 32

. ability to detect & respond to changes in the external or internal environment

Question 33

. Movement

Answer 33

Motion of whole body, individual organs, single cells/organelles

Question 34

Growth

Answer 34

. an ↑ in size that results from an ↑ in the no. or size of cells or both

Question 35

Differentiation

Answer 35

change that a cell undergoes to develop from an unspecialised to a specialised state

Question 36

Reproduction

Answer 36

Refers to either the formation of new cells for growth, repair or replacement OR production of a new individual

Question 37

Excretion

Answer 37

Refers to the getting rid of wastes which have been made by the organism as a result of its chemical activities

Question 38

Respiration

Answer 38

Series of complex chemical reactions which result in the controlled release of energy from food

Question 39

anatomic planes

Answer 39

fixed lines used to divide the body to facilitate viewing of its structure in a 3d perspective

Question 40

prone

Answer 40

body lying down

Question 41

SUPINE

Answer 41

body lying up

Question 42

unilateral

Answer 42

pertaining to one side

Question 43

bilateral

Answer 43

pertaining to both sides of the body

Question 44

hyperextension

Answer 44

over extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion

Question 45

retraction

Answer 45

moving a part forward

Question 46

protraction

Answer 46

moving a part backwards

Question 47

elevation

Answer 47

raising a part

Question 48

depression

Answer 48

lowering a part

Question 49

rotation

Answer 49

turning on a single axis

Question 50

circumrotating

Answer 50

tri planar rotation of hip and shoulder

Question 51

external rotation

Answer 51

rotation of hip or shoulder away from the midline

Question 52

internal rotation

Answer 52

rotation of the hips shoulders towards the midline

Question 53

lateral flexions

Answer 53

side bending left or right

Question 54

inversion

Answer 54

movement of the feet inward

Question 55

eversion

Answer 55

movement of the feet outward

Question 56

radial deviation

Answer 56

movement of the wrist towards the lateral side or radial

Question 57

ulnar derivation

Answer 57

movement of the wrist towards the ulna or medial side

Question 58

opposition

Answer 58

movement of the thumb across the palm