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Neuro Anatomie > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 12 Cranial Nerves.

A

I - Olfactory
II - Optic
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
V - Trigeminal
VI - Abducens
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal

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2
Q

I Olfactory

A

smell

Sensory

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3
Q

II Optic

A

vision

Sensory

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4
Q

III Oculomotor

A

eye movement and pupil reflex

Motor

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5
Q

IV Trochlear

A

eye movement

Motor

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6
Q

V Trigeminal

A

face sensation and chewing

(Both) sensory and motor

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7
Q

VI Abducens

A

eye movement

Motor

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8
Q

VII Facial

A

face movement and taste

(Both) sensory and motor

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9
Q

VIII Vestibulocochlear

A

hearing and balance

Sensory

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10
Q

IX Glossopharyngeal

A

throat sensation, taste and swallowing

(Both) Motor and sensory

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11
Q

X Vagus

A

movement, sensation and abdominal organs

(Both) Motor and sensory

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12
Q

XI Accessory

A

neck movement

Motor

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13
Q

The nervous system is divided into two main parts:

A

CNS
PNS

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14
Q

Gray matter

A

Darker in colour and contain nerve cell bodies.

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15
Q

White matter

A

Lighter in colour and contain nerve cell processes (axons).

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16
Q

CNS includes?

A

Central Nervous System
- Brain
- Spinal Cord

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17
Q

PNS includes?

A

Peripheral Nervous System
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves
Ganglia

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18
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System and what is it divided into?

A

It innervates the body’s involuntary structures (heart, smooth muscle, glands) and is distributed throughout the CNS and PNS.
- Sympathetic NS
- Parasympathetic NS

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19
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System?

A

Fight or Flight
Stimulates organ function

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20
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System?

A

Rest and Digest
Inhibits organ function

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21
Q

What are the primary vesicles?

A
  • Prosencephalon (forebrain)
  • Mesencephalon (midbrain)
  • Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
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22
Q

What are the secondary vesicles?

A
  • Telencephalon
  • Diencephalon
  • Midbrain
  • Metencephalon
  • Myelencephalon
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23
Q

Adult derivatives?

A

forebrain
- lamina terminalis
- Interventricular foramen
- Cerebral hemisphere
- Lateral ventricle
- Thalamus
- Third ventricle
- Hypothalamus

midbrain
- Midbrain
- cerebral aqueduct

hindbrain
- Fourth ventricle
- Cerebellum and pons
- Medulla oblongata

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24
Q

What are the different sectional planes?

A

Coronal
Horizontal
Mid-sagittal

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25
The forebrain consist of?
Cerebrum Diencephalon
26
The hindbrain consist of?
Medulla Pons Cerebellum
27
The brainstem consist of?
Medulla Pons Midbrain
28
What is the corpus callosum?
It connects the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum (white matter).
29
Where is the cerebrum located?
It extends from the frontal to occipital bones of the skull, superior to the anterior and middle cranial fossae. Located above the tentorium cerebelli posteriorly.
30
Gyri
Folds on the surface layer
31
Sulci
Grooves located between gyri.
32
Fissures
deep sulci
33
Location of the pons
It is located on the anterior surface of the brainstem, in front of the cerebellum.
34
Location of the Cerebellum
Lies in the posterior cranial fossae. Located posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata.
35
Ganglion
collection of nerve cell bodies located outside the CNS.
36
What protects the CNS?
- skull and vertebral column - membranes (meninges) - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
37
Where is the Medulla Oblongata located?
Connects to the pons superiorly and to the spinal cord inferiorly.
38
XII Hypoglossal
Movement, sensation and abdominal organs Motor
39
Functions of the Cranial Nerves?
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brians Matter More
40
The neural tube gives rise to the....
spinal cord
41
Where is the brain located?
In the cranial cavity
42
*Nuclei
Collections of neurons
43
What is the vermis?
Connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum.
44
How is the cerebellum connected?
- Connected to the midbrain via superior cerebellar peduncles - Connected to the medulla oblongata via the inferior cerebellar peduncles.
45
*Peduncles
large bundles of nerve fibres
46
*Cortex
Surface layer Gray matter Highly folded (increases surface area)
47
*Sensory Division
Conducts sensory info from sense organs to the CNS
48
*Motor division
(motor fibres) conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands
49
*Somatic Nervous System
Conducts nerve impulses from the CNS to muscles (voluntary control)
50
Functions of the Brainstem
Acts as a relay centre connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. It performs many automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing
51
Function of the Cerebellum
Coordination and movement related to motor skills, especially involving the hands and feet. It also helps maintain posture, balance, and equilibrium.
52
Function of the Cerebrum
Major processing centre of the brain. Associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem-solving. Controls voluntary muscle movements.
53
Function of the Diencephalon and the parts of the diencephalon
Acts as a primary relay and processing centre for sensory information and autonomic control Thalamus Hypothalamus Subthalamus Epithalamus
54
Function of Basal ganglia and the parts of it
Motor control, motor learning, executive functions, emotional behaviors, reward and reinforcement, addictive behaviors and habit formation Caudate Nucleus Putamen Globus Pallidus
55
Function of the frontal lobe
Higher executive functions, including emotional regulation, planning, reasoning and problem-solving. Voluntary movement (Primary motor cortex)
56
Function of the Parietal lobe
Integration of sensory information, including touch, temperature, pressure and pain. (Primary sensory cortex)
57
Function of the Temporal lobe
Processing sensory information important for hearing, language recognition and the formation of memories. (Primary auditory cortex)
58
Function of the Occipital lobe
The major visual processing centre . (Primary visual cortex)
59
Function of the Limbic lobe
Motivationally driven and emotional behaviors, memory, homeostatic responses, and sexual behavior (With hippocampus and amygdala)
60
Function of the Insular lobe
Sensory processing (interoception), motor control, self-awareness, decision making, homeostasis, emotions, conscious desires.
61
Where is the CSF located
subarachnoid space
62
Location of the 4th ventricle
Surrounded by the medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum
63
Connections of the 4th ventricle
Connected superiorly to the 3rd ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct Continuous inferiorly with the central canal of the spinal cord
64
How does the 4th ventricle communicate with the subarachnoid space
via three openings located in the inferior part of the roof: 1x Median aperture (foramen of Magendie) 2x Lateral apertures (foramen of Luscha)

Neuro Anatomie (11 decks)

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