Introduction Flashcards by vincent geronimo

no true nucleus

prokaryote

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smallest genus

mycoplasma

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longest genus (10um)

borrelia (spiral)

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largest pathogenic bacterium

bacillus anthracis

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cell wall less

mycoplasma & ureaplasma

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spore forming organisms

bacillus & clostridium

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O2 requirement of bacillus

aerobic

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O2 requirement of clostridium

anaerobic

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cell wall AKA

peptidoglycan layer / murein layer

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M. tuberculosis pathogenic factor

mycolic acid

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responsible for mucoid colonies

capsule

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S. pyogenes pathogenic factor

M protein

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thicker peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acid

gram positive

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thinner pepptidoglycan without teichoic acid

gram negative

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anti phagocytic, virulence factor

capsule

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is a capsular swelling test

neufeld quellung

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with polysaccharide capsules

S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, K. pneumoniae

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with polypeptide D-glutamic acid

B. anthracis

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with hyaluronic acid capsule

pasteurella multocida

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with polyribosyl ribitol phosphate capsule

haemophilus influenzae

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with alginate capsule

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Pili is AKA

fimbriae

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usually found in gram neg organisms

pili

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1st step in initiating infection

attachment

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pili used for attachment and can be a virulence factor

common pili

pili used for gene conjugation, transfer of genetic material

sex pili | ex. E. coli

target of sterilization

spores/endospores

enables organisms to withstand injurious conditions

spores

with terminal swollen spores

clostridium tetani

with central spores

B. anthracis

with subterminal spores

C. botulinum

biologically produced poisons

toxin

motility due to presence of flagella

true motility

movement of nonmotile organisms caused by movement of surrounding

brownian movement

organ for locomotion

flagella

flagella of spiral organisms are called

axial filaments

axial filaments are AKA

periplasmic flagella

motility test presumptive for listeria

hanging drop

flagellar stains

gray's, leifson

SIM is a ___ media

semi solid

growth is at the line of inoculation

non-motile

growth is outside the line of inoculation

motile

tumbling motility

listeria monocytogenes

twitching motility

kingella kingae

gliding/sliding motility

capnocytophaga

darting motility

campylobacter

shooting star motility

vibrio cholera

corkscrew motility

spirochetes

monotrichous organisms

campylobacter, pseudomonas

amphitrichous organisms

listeria

lophotrichous organisms

H. pylori

peritrichous organisms

enterobacteriaceae except klebsiella&shigella

nutrient storage/stored food

inclusion bodies

inclusions of corynebacterium

babes ernst bodies

inclusions of MTB

much granules

inclusions of chlamydia trachomatis

halberstaedter prowazek

uptake of naked DNA (free DNA) A. transformation B. transduction C. conjugation D. plasmid

acquiring of DNA from bacteriophage A. transformation B. transduction C. conjugation D. plasmid

DNA transfer via sex pillus A. transformation B. transduction C. conjugation D. plasmid

confers resistance to antibiotics, a miniature chromosome A. transformation B. transduction C. conjugation D. plasmid

toxin released only after cell lysis A. endotoxin B. exotoxin

toxin excreted by living bacteria A. endotoxin B. exotoxin

protein in nature A. endotoxin B. exotoxin

LPS in nature A. endotoxin B. exotoxin

limulus lysate test (horse shoe crabs) A. endotoxin B. exotoxin

diphteria toxin A. endotoxin B. exotoxin

shigella dysenteriae A. endotoxin B. exotoxin

tsst-1 is an exotoxin of

S. aureus

adaptation phase, no growth A. lag B. log C. plateau D. death

exponential phase, cell division A. lag B. log C. plateau D. death

organisms become susceptible to antibiotics A. lag B. log C. plateau D. death

stationary phase A. lag B. log C. plateau D. death

sporuation takes place A. lag B. log C. plateau D. death

phase of decline A. lag B. log C. plateau D. death

minimal threat A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

moderate threat A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

high risk A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

extreme risk A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

no known potential of infecting healthy people A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

acquired thru ingestion, percutaneous and mucous membrane exposure A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

aerosol transmission A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

life threatening diseases A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

bacillus subtilis A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

M. gordonae A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

salmonella A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

shigella A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

HBV & HIV A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

M. tuberculosis A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

coxiella burnetti A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

agents of systemic mycoses A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

filoviruses ex. ebola A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4

determined by transmissibility

biosafety levels

sterilizes only the air to be exhausted A. class I B. class II C. class III D. class II A E. class II B F. class II B1 G. class II B2

AKA laminar flow A. class I B. class II C. class III D. class II A E. class II B F. class II B1 G. class II B2

system is entirely closed A. class I B. class II C. class III D. class II A E. class II B F. class II B1 G. class II B2

70% of air is recirculated air is discharged inside the room A. class I B. class II C. class III D. class II A E. class II B F. class II B1 G. class II B2

AKA total exhaust cabinet A. class I B. class II C. class III D. class II A E. class II B F. class II B1 G. class II B2

routinely used A. class I B. class II C. class III D. class II A E. class II B F. class II B1 G. class II B2

for carcinogens A. class I B. class II C. class III D. class II A E. class II B F. class II B1 G. class II B2

30% of air is recirculated A. class I B. class II C. class III D. class II A E. class II B F. class II B1 G. class II B2

exhaust air is discharged outside the building A. class I B. class II C. class III D. class II A E. class II B F. class II B1 G. class II B2

steam under pressure

autoclave

indicator of autoclave

bacillus stearothermophilus

not killed by autoclaving

prions

uses flowing steam

tyndallization

thickening thru evaporation

inspissation

indicator of oven

bacillus subtilis var. niger

0.22 u, 100% sterility

millipore filter

removes objects larger than 0.3 u

HEPA filter

liquid filter

cellulose nitrate

ionizing radiation indicator

bacillus pumilus

chemical sterilants are AKA

biocides

most commonly used chemical sterilant

ethylene oxide

indicator of chemical sterilization

bacillus subtilis var. globiji

does not corrode lenses, metals and rubbers

glutaraldehyde

surface sterilization of surgical instruments

peracetic acid

used to sterilize HEPA filters in BSCs

formaldehyde vapor & hydrogen peroxide vapor

most commonly used antiseptic

70% isoprophyl alcohol

iodine+alcohol

iodine tincture

iodine+detergent (neutral polymer)

iodophor

best disinfectant for blood spill

sodium hypochlorite | 1:10 for porous surfaces, 1:100 for smoothand hard surfaces

contact time for HBV inactivation

10minutes

contact time for HIV inactivation

2minutes

standard for disinfectants

phenol

most common cause of sepsis

S. aureus

inhibitory to neisseria, gardnerella, P. anaerobius

0.025% sodium polyanethol sulfonate

used to counteract the effect of 0.025% SPS

1% gelatin

anticoagulant for viral culture

heparin

not to be used for bacterial culture

EDTA & citrate

brucellosis detection

3-4 weeks

leptospirosis detection

20 weeks

collection of CSF is thru

lumbar tap

may be used instead of iodine

chlorhexidine

CSF storage temp

37degrees

CSF transport temp

room temp

CSF usual isolates

S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae

urine specimen of choice for bacterial isolate

clean catch

urine for molecular studies such as PCR

1st morning urine

#1 cause of UTI

E.coli

UTI in young female and catheterized elderly women

saprophyticus

colony count of ____ is considered UTI

>100,000

digestion and decontamination is used for

M. tuberculosis identification

N-acetyl L-cysteine & NaOH

gold standard for digestion and decontamination

neisseria is sensitive to

cold temperature cotton swabs

major throat pathogen found in throat swab

S. pyogenes

GIT pathogens

salmonella & shigella

gastric aspirate specimens must be neutralized with ___ within ___

sodium bicarbonate, 1 hour

capsular stains

Hiss, Anthony's, Tyler, Muir

spore stains

Dorner's, Schaeffer and fulton, Wirtz and conklin

flagellar stains

Gray's, Fischer and conn, Leifson

stains spirochetes

Levaditi's

stains polar bodies

Wayson stain, methylene blue

gram stain (+) control

S. aureus

gram stain (-) control

E. coli

under colorization, thick smears A. false gram (+) B. false gram (-)

over colorization, use of old/dry colonies, no mordant A. false gram (+) B. false gram (-)

most critical step in gram staining

decolorization

all cocci are gram (+), except:

neisseria, branhamella, veilonella

all bacilli are gram (-), except:

mycobacterium, corynebacterium, clostridium, bacillus, erysipelothrix, lactobacillus, listeria (M,C,C,B,E,L,L)

intracellular

rickettsia, chlamydia

cell wall less

mycoplasma, urea plasma

best method for DSSM

ziehl neelsen/hot method

best for AFB in tissues

kinyoun's/cold method

may be used as substitute for methylene blue counterstain

malachite green

only bacteria that is acid fast

mycobacterium

slightly acid fast

nocardia

pappenheims: MTB vs. M. smegmatis

MTB is color red

baumgarten: MTB vs. M. leprae

MTB is blue

media for fungi

rice medium

human blood bilayer tween is used for ID of ___

G. vaginalis

castaneda is used for ___

brucella

alkaline peptone water is used for

vibrio

selenite is used for

salmonella

chocolate agar plate

neisseria

thayer martin

neisseria

JEMBEC

neisseria

cary blair

stool pathogens

amie's

respiratory samples

transgrow

neisseria

stuart's

multipurpose media

todd hewitt

S. agalactiae

Lim broth (modified todd hewitt)

S. agalactiae

beta lactam

cell wall inhibitors

MRSA treatment

vancomycin

2nd line TB drugs

kanamycin, amikacin

minocycline is used for

mycoplasma

treatment for diarrhea and UTI

SXT

UTI treatment

nitrofurantoin

broth dilution

5x10(5) cfu/ml

agar dilution

1x10(4) cfu/ml

mueller hinton agar pH

7.2-7.4

depth of MHA

3-5mm (4mm)

too thin agar A. false susceptible B. false resistant

too thick agar A. false susceptible B. false resistant

very dry agar surface A. false susceptible B. false resistant

too much moisture on agar surface A. false susceptible B. false resistant

mcfarland

99.5ml of 1% h2sO4 & 0.5ml 1.75% barium chloride

inoculum size

1.5x10(8) cfu/ml

inoculum too heavy A. false susceptible B. false resistant

inoculum too light A. false susceptible B. false resistant

diffusion of organism to entire media

3-5 minutes

manner of streaking

multiple overlap

standard size of antibiotic disk

6mm

storage of antibiotic disk: working suppy

2-8ºC

long term storage of antibiotic disk

-20ºC in a non frost freezer

if plate is 150mm

12 disks

if plate is 100mm

5 disks

distance of disk from center

24mm

distance between 2 disks

15mm

indicators of improper storage

methicillin & penicillin

use of MHA with 5% sheep's RBC is for

streptococci

for mycobacterium we can use

middle brooke media

GC agar with supplements

N. gonorrhea

2-5% horse blood, 5-7% cO2

N. meningitidis

uses reagent cards and chromogenic substrates

vitek system

gene that activates resistance to clindamycin

ERM

uses a strip with single antibiotic of different concentrations along its length

e-test stick

schlicter test is AKA

serum bactericidal test

screening test for carbapenemase producing organisms

modified hodge test (+) clover leaf like pattern of zone of inhibition

incubator A. daily temp check B. weekly C. daily/every use D. check for anaerobe E. 6months F. 4x a year/as needed G. annual accuracy check H. weekly

water bath A. daily temp check B. weekly C. daily/every use D. check for anaerobe E. 6months F. 4x a year/as needed G. annual accuracy check H. weekly

refrigerator A. daily temp check B. weekly C. daily/every use D. check for anaerobe E. 6months F. 4x a year/as needed G. annual accuracy check H. weekly

freezer A. daily temp check B. weekly C. daily/every use D. check for anaerobe E. 6months F. 4x a year/as needed G. annual accuracy check H. weekly

heating block A. daily temp check B. weekly C. daily/every use D. check for anaerobe E. 6months F. 4x a year/as needed G. annual accuracy check H. weekly

autoclave spore testing A. daily temp check B. weekly C. daily/every use D. check for anaerobe E. 6months F. 4x a year/as needed G. annual accuracy check H. weekly

autoclave temperature A. daily temp check B. weekly C. daily/every use D. check for anaerobe E. 6months F. 4x a year/as needed G. annual accuracy check H. weekly

GASPAK jar A. daily temp check B. weekly C. daily/every use D. check for anaerobe E. 6months F. 4x a year/as needed G. annual accuracy check H. weekly

centrifuge A. daily temp check B. weekly C. daily/every use D. check for anaerobe E. 6months F. 4x a year/as needed G. annual accuracy check H. weekly

microscopes A. daily temp check B. weekly C. daily/every use D. check for anaerobe E. 6months F. 4x a year/as needed G. annual accuracy check H. weekly

weighing balance A. daily temp check B. weekly C. daily/every use D. check for anaerobe E. 6months F. 4x a year/as needed G. annual accuracy check H. weekly

oxidase, catalase, gram stain A. daily temp check B. weekly C. daily/every use D. check for anaerobe E. 6months F. 4x a year/as needed G. annual accuracy check H. weekly

maintains oxygen free environment

palladium catalyst

GASPAK jar is used for

anaerobes

candle jar is used for

microaerophilic & capnophilic

neisseria & campylobacter

microaerophilic & capnophilic

peer comparison

benchmarking

indicators of GASPAK jar

methylene blue & resazurin

Introduction Flashcards

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