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Cell Cycle > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Term mitosis

A

Flemming
Identical cells

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2
Q

Kern plasm theory given by

A

Hertwig

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3
Q

Karyoplasmic index

A

Nucleocytoplasmic ratio
Vn/Vc-Vn
Vn = volume of nucleus
Vc=volume of cell
V/c-Vn = volume of cytoplasm

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4
Q

KL of small cell

A

High
To attain the control of nucleus on cytoplasm a large cell divides into two cells

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5
Q

When a cel! Grows in size it’s volume

A

It’s volume increases more than its surface

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6
Q

Cell cycle

A

The sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its genome, synthesises the other constituents of the cell and eventually divides into two daughter cells

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7
Q

Cell growth( in terms of cytoplasmic increase)

A

Continuous process

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8
Q

Events of cell division. Are. Controlled.

A

Under genetic control

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9
Q

Human cells divide once

A

In 24 hours

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10
Q

Yeast

A

90 minutes

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11
Q

Interphase

A

Phase b/w two successive m-phase
Cell grows in size and prepares itself for next division

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12
Q

Most active phase and its duration

A

Interphase
Last more than 95% of duration of cell cycle

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13
Q

Interphase classified by

A

Howard and Pelc

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14
Q

G1 phase also known as

A

Pre DNA synthesis phase , post mitosis gap phase
Interval between mitosis and initiation of DNA replication.

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15
Q

During G1

A

Cell organelle increases
Cell rapidly synthesis different types of RNA and proteins
Due to protein synthesis of new protoplasm

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16
Q

Cell grows maximum in

A

G1 phase

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17
Q

S phase

A

DNA synthesis phase
Replication of nuclear DNA and synthesis of histone proteins

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18
Q

During s-phase what increases

A

Amount of DNA per cell doubles but there is no increase in chromosome no

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19
Q

S Phase marks the

A

Phase of DNA replication and chromosome duplication

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20
Q

DNA replication begins in
Centriole duplicates
Locations?

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm

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21
Q

G2 phase names

A

Post DNA synthesis phase or pre mitosis gap phase

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22
Q

Final preparation of M phase

A

G2 phase

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23
Q

During G2 phase

A

Special protein required for m phase are synthesized eg Tubulin protein

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24
Q

Permeant stop

A

Heart cells nerve cell
G0 phase

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25
Go phase exit
G1 phase to enter an in active stage called quiescent stage
26
All phase what grows
Cell growth, protein, RNA
27
Organelles DNA growth
Takes place in any phase
28
Longer phase(G1 S)
G1 >>>> s phase
29
Diving growth of cell kl
Kl decreases
30
Duration of m-phase
Division phase Only about an hour
31
Equational cell division in animals seen
In diploid somatic cell except in some social insects - male honey bee Mitosis
32
Mitofic division in plants
In both haploid and diploid cells
33
Equational division. Why??
Since the no. Of chromosomes in parent and progeny cells is same
34
Cell division is_________ process
Progressive
35
PMAT
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
36
5 and G2 phase the new DNA formed
Are not distinct but interwined Which becomes untangled during the process of chromatin condensation
37
Prophase is marked by
Initiation of condensation of chromosome material
38
Cento some in prophase
Begins to move towards opposite poles of cell
39
Aster [prophase]
Each centrosome radiates out microtubules
40
Mitotic apparatus
Two asters together with spindle fibres forms
41
Cell at the end of prophase
Do not show Golgi complexes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus, nuclear envelope
42
Start of metaphase marks
Complete dis integration of nuclear envelope
43
Morphology of chromosome is easily studied at
Metaphase
44
Kinetochore
Serve as sites of attachment of spindle fibre
45
Metaphase is characterised
By chromesome coming to lie at equator
46
Metaphase plate
The plane of alignment of chromosome at metaphase is referred as
47
Chromosomal fibres
Kinetochore filbres which run from pole to centromere
48
Supporting fibres
Non kinetochere fibrous which run from pole to pole
49
Key features of metaphase
Spindle fibre attach 10 Kinetochore of chromosome Chromosome are moved to spindle equator and get aligned along metaphase plate through spindle fibres to both poles
50
In anaphase no. Of chromosome
Becomes double in cell
51
Daughter chromosomes begins, moving towards opposite ends because (anaphases
Their spindle fibres shorten due to depolymerisation of tubalin protein towards Kinect ochoric End
52
Anaphase stage key events
Centromere splits and chromatic separate Chromatids (now chromosomes) move to opposite poles
53
The chromosome decondense and lose theirIndividuality
Telophase
54
Key events of telophase
Chromosome cluster at opposite spindle poles and their identity is lost as discrete elements Nuclear envelope develops around the chromosome clusters at each pole forming two daughter nuclei Nucleolus,G.B , ER reform
55
Which organelles get distributed b/w two daughter cells at cytoplasmic devision
Mitochon plastids
56
In animals cytokines is occors by
Construction and furrow formation Centripetal order
57
At the periphery of equator ( cytokines)
A contractile ring is formed Made up of actin and moos in protein
58
Furrow forms from outside to inside due
Due to interaction b/w actin and myso in
59
In plants constriction is not possible ditto
Presence of rigid cell wall
60
Pharagmoplast
Many g.b microtubules arrange themselves on equator Fragments of E.R.
61
Cell plate.
Membranes of Golgi body fuse to form a plate like structure Cell plate is modified in to middle lamella
62
Cell plate
Membranes of g-b fuse to form a plate like structure Cell plate is modified in to middle lament
63
In plants cytokinesis occurs ( order )
Occurs in centrifugal order
64
Liquid endosperm in coconut
Karyokineses is not followed by cytokinesis as a result of which multinucleate condition arises leading to formation of syncytium
65
Significance of mitosis
Growth of multicellular organisms Development of organism Repeated mitosis in. Zygote Cell repairing
66
Cell repair Example
Mitosis Cells of upper lager of epidermis, calls of lining of gut, blood cells
67
Meristematic tissues
Mitosis The apical and lateral cambium

Cell Cycle (2 decks)

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