Introduction

Question 1

The scientific study of the psychological forces that make people uniquely themselves.

Answer 1

Personality psychology

Question 2

What are the components of the psychological triad?

Answer 2

Thoughts, feelings, behaviours

Question 3

With respect to behaviour, what is personality psychology generally most interested in?

Answer 3

Individual differences in behaviour patterns

Question 4

Personality psychology theories — each other

Answer 4

Complement

Question 5

What are the eight major perspectives on personality (six discussed in class, two extra in textbook)?

Answer 5

Unconscious
Ego forces
Biological
Conditioning
Cognitive
Traits and skills
Spiritual dimension*
Interactions*

Question 6

An individual’s unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving

Answer 6

Personality

Question 7

Modern personality psychology involves…

Answer 7

Scientific inference through systematic gathering of evidence

Objective, quantifiable measures

Question 8

Model of personality that includes memories, experiences, and beliefs, with a “core” of the self that these things orbit around, informing the self

Answer 8

Common sense model

Question 9

Model of personality that removes the “core” and ceases to view the self as a thing that is informed by experiences, beliefs, etc. but is merely the collection of these things themselves and the narrative that these things create

Answer 9

Novel model

Question 10

According to the novel model, our minds are…

Answer 10

The sum of its parts (and nothing more)

Question 11

What implications does the novel model have concerning the nature of the self?

Answer 11

The self is not an illusion; It is ever-changing and can’t be preserved in any one state from moment to moment

Question 12

What does the OCEAN acronym represent?

Answer 12

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extrovertedness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Question 13

Traits that we adopt in order to achieve a certain goal or aim that are independent of our core personality traits

Answer 13

Free traits

Question 14

When do we adopt free traits?

Answer 14

When we are passionate about something and cannot achieve our aims without adopting a free trait

Question 15

What is the consequence of adopting free traits?

Answer 15

Adopting these traits is effortful; Often followed by a “repair” period in which central traits are readopted

Question 16

What are the four key considerations in modern personality research?

Answer 16

Individual behaviour (uniqueness)

Behaviour in the context of the environment

Personality as an organized whole, not a series of separate components

Importance of cross-cultural study

Question 17

A mathematical index of the degree of association between two measures

Answer 17

Correlation coefficient

Question 18

Modern personality psychologists are scientific in the sense that they…

Answer 18

Attempt to use scientific inference to test theories

Question 19

Approach to personality psychology in which concepts are developed based on carefully collected observations

Answer 19

Inductive approach

Question 20

Approach to personality psychology in which conclusions follow logically from the premises/assumptions

Answer 20

Deductive approach

Question 21

Darwinian evolutionary theory freed personality psychology from…

Answer 21

Assumptions of divine control

Question 22

What did Margaret Mead’s work contribute to personality psychology?

Answer 22

Demonstrated that personality should not be studied in only one culture or context

Question 23

Which psychologist rejected the idea of trying to break down personality into basic components and instead looked for underlying organization making each person unique?

Answer 23

Allport

Question 24

Which psychologist, based the Gestalt tradition, suggested the whole may be greater than the sum of its parts in regards to personality?

Answer 24

Lewin

Question 25

Which psychologist attempted to integrate clinical issues with theory and assessment issues?

Answer 25

Murray

Question 26

The tendency to believe in the accuracy of vague generalities about one’s personality

Answer 26

The Barnum effect