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Analysis of Urine > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

References to the study of urine can be found in the_________and in__________

A

/drawings of cavemen

/Egyptian hieroglyphics

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2
Q

5th century BC wrote a book on “uroscopy.”

A

Hippocrates

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3
Q

Era were color charts had been developed that described the significance of 20 different colors and testing of glucose through ant testing and taste testing

A

1140D

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4
Q

1694: discovery of albuminuria

A

Frederik Dekker’s

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5
Q

Book inspired the passing of medical licensure laws in England

A

Book of Pisse Prophet

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6
Q

1627: Book of Pisse Prophet by

A

Thomas Bryant

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7
Q

Invention of microscope

A

17th century

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8
Q

Urine sediment

A

Thomas Addis

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9
Q

Concept of Urinalysis

A

1827: Richard Bright

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10
Q

On what year routine examination of urinalysis began to disappear

A

1930s due to development of modern testing techniques

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11
Q

Organ with a noninvasive means by which to directly evaluate its status

A

KIDNEY

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12
Q

Urine is an ___________ of plasma

A

ULTRAFILTRATE

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13
Q

Reasons for performing urinalysis:

A
  1. aiding in the diagnosis of disease
  2. screening asymptomatic populations for undetected disorders
  3. monitoring the progress of disease
  4. effectiveness of therapy
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14
Q

Kidney converts approximately___________of filtered plasma to the average daily urine output of_______

A

170,000 mL

1200 mL

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15
Q

Urinary system composed of 4 main components:

A

KIDNEY
URETERS
URINARY BLADDER
URETHRA

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16
Q

where urine is formed by FILTRATION of blood

A

KIDNEY

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17
Q

carry the urine to the bladder

A

URETERS

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18
Q

stores the urine produced

A

BLADDER

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19
Q

delivers the urine for EXCRETION

A

URETHRA

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20
Q

Responsible for removal of waste products
& reabsorption

A

Cortical nephron

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21
Q

function for concentration of urine

A

Juxtamedullary nephron

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22
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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23
Q

Nephron

A

1 to 1.5 million each kidney

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24
Q

Cortical nephron

A

85%

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25
Juxtamedullary nephron
15%
26
Outer layer of kidney located below the RENAL CAPSULE
Cortex
27
Innermost part of kidney that is split up into number of sections called
Medulla Renal pyramids
28
Funnel like dilated part of ureter in the kidney
Renal pelvis
29
consists of a coil of approximately 8 capillary lobes (capillary tuft)
Glomerulus or Renal Corpuscle
30
surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules
Peritubular capillaries
31
located adjacent to the ascending and descending loop of Henle
Vasa recta
32
Organic Components
Urea Creatinine Uric acid Hippuric acid Carbohydrates Pigments Fatty acids Enzymes
33
Major organic component: product of protein and amino acid metabolism
Urea
34
Product of creatine metabolism by muscles
Creatinine
35
common component in kidney stones; derived from catabolism of nucleic acid in food
Uric acid
36
Benzoic acid is eliminated in this form, increases with high vegetable diet.
Hippuric Acid
37
Inorganic Components
• Chloride • Sodium • Potassium • Sulfate • Phosphate • Ammonium • Calcium
38
Primary inorganic component. Found in combination with sodium (table salt) and many other inorganic substances
CHLORIDE
39
Salt
Sodium
40
Combined with chloride and other salts
Potassium
41
Derived from amino acids
Sulfate
42
Combines with sodium to buffer the blood
PHOSPHATE
43
Regulates blood and tissue fluid acidity
AMMONIUM
44
Combines with chloride, sulfate, and phosphate
CALCIUM
45
Normal daily urine output
1200 to 1500ml 600 to 2000ml
46
Decrease in urine output
OLIGURIA
47
Oliguria for infants
<1 ml/kg/hr
48
Oliguria for children
<0.5 ml/kg/hr
49
Oliguria for adults
<400 ml/day
50
Urine cessation
ANURIA
51
Increase urine output at night
NOCTURIA
52
Increase daily urine output
POLYURIA
53
Polyuria seen on ADULTS
> 2.5 L/day
54
Polyuria seen on CHILDREN
> 2.5 to 3 mL/kg/day
55
Diabetes Mellitus Polyuria SG
1.030 or above
56
Exceed renal threshold for glucose
Diabetes Mellitus Polyuria
57
Diabetes Insipidus Polyuria SG
1.005
58
Decrease Antidiuretic Hormone production
Diabetes Insipidus Polyuria
59
Urine specimen for glucose monitoring
FASTING SPX or SECOND MORNING SPX
60
Urine specimen is tested for presence of KETONES & GLUCOSE
GLUCOSE TOLERANCE SPECIMEN
61
Urine specimen for URINE QUANTITATIVE ASSAY
24 HOUR (TIMED) SPX
62
24 HOUR (TIMED) SPX
/Catecholamines /17-hydroxysteroids /Electrolytes
63
Urine specimen for bacterial culture
CATHETERIZED SPECIMEN
64
Urine specimen for CYTOLOGIC EXAMINATION
Suprapubic Aspiration Specimen
65
Less traumatic method for obtaining urine for bacterial culture and routine urinalysis
Midstream Clean catch Specimen
66
Also known as 3 glass collection
Prostatitis Specimen
67
1st container for Prostatitis Specimen
URETHRAL INFECTION; First passed urine
68
2nd container for Prostatitis Specimen
URINARY BLADDER INFECTION; Midstream portion of urine
69
3rd container for Prostatitis Specimen
Urine with prostatic fluid
70
4th container for Prostatitis Specimen
Post prostatic massage urine or STAMEY MEARS
71
3rd and 4th container
PROSTATIC INFECTION
72
Drug Spx Collection
Required amount: 30 to 45 ml Temperature: 32.5 to. 37.7°C Check for every 4 minutes No tampering Spx handled securely Proper Identification

Analysis of Urine (2 decks)

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