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Analysis of Urine > Renal Function and Renal Function Test > Flashcards

Renal Function and Renal Function Test Flashcards

1
Q

Functional unit of kidney; maintain body’s essential water & electrolyte balances

A

Nephron

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2
Q

Consist of coil 8 capillary lobes

A

Glomerulus

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3
Q

Surrounding glomerulus; starts the forming of tubules

A

Bowman’s Capsule

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4
Q

Known as Peritubular capillary; surrounds PCT for immediate reabsorption

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

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5
Q

Located adjacent to the ascending & descending loop of henle

A

Vasa recta

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6
Q

Renal Function:

(4 points)

A

Renal Blood Flow
Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Secretion

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7
Q

Renal Blood Flow

A

RENAL ARTERY that supplies blood to kidney

AFFERENT ARTERIOLE (unfiltered)

GLOMERULUS (filtration)

EFFERENT ATERIOLE

PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES

VASA RECTA (water & salt exchange)

RENAL VEIN

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8
Q

over ____% kidney’s receive large blood flow

A

25%

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9
Q

Average body size

A

1.73m^2

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10
Q

Total renal BLOOD flow

A

1200 mL/min

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11
Q

Total renal PLASMA flow

A

600-700 mL/min

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12
Q

Served as a sieve or a filter of plasma substances with molecular weight of:

A

Glomerulus

MW: <70,000

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13
Q

Served as a sieve or a filter of plasma substances with molecular weight of:

A

Glomerulus

MW: <70,000

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14
Q

Factors that influence the actual filtration process:

(3 points)

A

• cellular structure of capillary walls & Bowman’s capsule
• hydrostatic & oncotic pressure
• feedback mechanisms of RENINANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM

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15
Q

Cellular layer that contains pores (fenestrated)

A

Cellular wall membrane

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16
Q

Restriction of large molecules occurs as the filtrate passes

A

Basement Membrane

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17
Q

thin membranes covering the filtration slits formed by the intertwining foot processes of the podocytes of the inner layer of Bowman’s capsule

A

Visceral epithelium of Bowman’s capsule

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18
Q

necessary to overcome the opposition of pressure from the fluid from the Bowman’s capsule and the ONCOTIC PRESSURE of unfiltered plasma protein.

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

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19
Q

Inadequate supply of blood in glomerulus will cause

A

Vasolidation/Vasoconstriction

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20
Q

BP drops

Dilation of _______ arterioles
Constriction of _______ arterioles

A

afferent
efferent

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21
Q

Autoregulatory mechanism within the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

22
Q

regulates the flow of blood to and within the glomerulus.

A

RAAS (Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System)

23
Q

This system respond to changes in blood pressure and plasma sodium content

A

RAAS (Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System)

24
Q

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System is monitored by

A

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

25
Q

FUNCTIONS OF ANGIOTENSIN II:

A
  1. Vasodilation of afferent & vasoconstriction of efferent arteriole.
  2. Stimulate Sodium reabsorption in the (PCT).
  3. Release of the Aldosterone from adrenal cortex.
  4. Release of Antidiuretic hormone from hypothalamus.
26
Q

TUBULAR REABSORPTION
The body cannot lose _____ of water-containing essential substances every minute

A

120 mL

27
Q

Reabsorption Mechanism

A
  1. Active Transport
  2. Passive Transport
28
Q

Plasma concentration at which active transport stops

A

Renal Threshold

29
Q

Exceeding the renal threshold of substances affects the ________ capacity of the tubules, leading to the appearance of the ______ in the urine

A

Maximal reabsorptive

substance

30
Q

Location of

Glucose
Amino acids
Salts

A

Promixal Convoluted Tubule

31
Q

Location of Sodium

A

PCT and DCT

32
Q

Location of
Water

A

PCT
Descending Loop of Henle
Collecting Duct

33
Q

Location of Urea

A

PCT

Ascending Loop of Henle

34
Q

Location of Sodium

A

Ascending loop of henle

35
Q

TUBULAR CONCENTRATION

Water is removed by osmosis in the_______ loop of Henle, and sodium and chloride are reabsorbed in the______ loop

A

Descending loop of henle

Ascending Loop of Henle

36
Q

selective reabsorption process; maintain the osmotic gradient of the medulla

A

Countercurrent mechanism

37
Q

final concentration of the filtrate through the reabsorption of water begins in the late distal convoluted tubule and continues in the collecting duct.

A

Collecting duct concentration

38
Q

Reabsorption depends on the osmotic gradient in the _____ and the hormone _____

A

medulla

VASOPRESSIN (ADH)

39
Q

Reabsorption depends on the osmotic gradient in the _____ and the hormone _____

A

medulla

VASOPRESSIN (ADH)

40
Q

Production of vasopressin is determined by the ________.

A

state of body hydration

41
Q

Tubular Secretion functions:

A
  1. Elimination of waste products not filtered by glomerulus
  2. Regulation of acid base balance (secretion of hydrogen ions)
42
Q

standard tests used to measure the filtering capacity of the glomeruli

A

Clearance Test

43
Q

STANDARD METHOD for GFR; Demonstrate progression of renal disease or response to therapy

A

Urea Clearance Test

44
Q

True or False

Urea Clearance Test
gives reliable estimates of GFR (40% filtered urea is reabsorbed)

A

False

45
Q

REFERENCE METHOD for GFR; Not routinely done because of the necessity for
continuous IV infusion

A

Inulin Clearance Test

46
Q

Most commonly used; screening method of GFR

A

Creatinine Clearance Test

47
Q

Determines the functional capacity of nephrons

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate

48
Q

Determines the extent of nephron damage in known cases of renal disease.

A

Creatinine Clearance

49
Q

Indirect estimate of GFR; A low molecular weight protease inhibitor

A

Cystatin C

50
Q

rise has been shown to be more sensitive indicator of decrease in GFR than creatinine clearance.

A

Beta 2 Microglobulin

51
Q

routinely screening patients as part of metabolic profile; to monitor patients already diagnosed with renal disease or at risk for renal diseas

A

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates

Analysis of Urine (2 decks)

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