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Medical physics > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are base quantities?

A

The 7 fundamental quantities of the SI

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2
Q

What is a versor?

A

A vector that has a magnitude equal to 1

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3
Q

What happens when you multiply a vector with a scalar?

A

It acts only on the magnitude, if it is negative the direction is changed

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4
Q

4 types of motion

A

Uniform linear motion
Uniform accelerated linear motion
Uniform circular motion
Harmonic motion

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5
Q

How do you change degrees to raidens?

A

Multiply by pi/180

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6
Q

What does Bernoulli’s equation describe?

A

The behaviour of an incompressible fluid along a streamline
Relating the fluid velocity, elevation and pressure along that streamline

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7
Q

What are observed objects?

A

Physical quantities

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8
Q

What is quantification method?

A

Measurement

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9
Q

What is measure?

A

The comparison between two homogeneous quantities

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10
Q

How do you change celcius to Kelvin?

A

+273

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11
Q

Formula for work

A

L=Fs=Fs*cos(theta)

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12
Q

What is the dot product of vectors?

A

Commutative, not associative (scalar product between two vectors generates a scalar)

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13
Q

What is the cross product of two vectors?

A

A vector

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14
Q

Formula for cross product between two vectors?

A

C=a^b=aBsine(theta)

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15
Q

What does the mixed product between vectors contain?

A

Both a scalar and a vector

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16
Q

Different name for classical mechanics

A

Newtonian mechanics

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17
Q

What causes a car to turn in uniform circular motion?

A

Centripetal force

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18
Q

When a car turns is it inertial?

A

No

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19
Q

Are objects inside a car turning inertial?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What is mass?

A

A constant that is always positive

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21
Q

1N=?

A

Kg*m/s^2

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22
Q

Relative density=?

A

m/m’
mass/mass of equal volume distilled water at 4c

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23
Q

Absolute density=?

A

m/V

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24
Q

Relative specific weight=?

A

p/p’
weight/weight of equal volume of distilled water at 4c

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25
Q

Absolute specific weight=?

A

p/V=(m/V)g=absolute densityg
Ratio between weight and volume

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26
Q

What is torque measured in?

A

Netwon*meter
Same as measurement of joule

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27
Q

What is moment of force?

A

Torque

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28
Q

Moment(M)=?

A

r*F

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29
Q

What is momentum denoted by?

A

q

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30
Q

q=?

A

m*V

31
Q

What does the principle of conservation of momentum state?

A

That in an isolated system the momentum is conserved

32
Q

m1v1+m2v2=?

A

0
Conservation of momentum

33
Q

Why is the recoil of earth when a man jumps infinitely small?

A

Because the mass og the earth is infinitely greater than the man’s

34
Q

Force of gravity=

A

G* (m1*m2)/r^2
G= gravitational constant

35
Q

What law is elastic force?

A

Hooke’s law

36
Q

Hooke’s law=?
F=?

A

-k*x
k is a constant
x is body deformation
Reaction of body is directly proportional to the undergone deformation with an opposite direction

37
Q

Which law describes electrostatic force?

A

Coulomb’s law

38
Q

Electrostatic force=?
F=?

A

K* (q1q2)/r^2
q are the charges
K is constant (910^9)

39
Q

What is uniform circular motion?

A

The motion of a material point that moves on a circumference with a constant tangential velocity

40
Q

What changes from point to point in uniform circular motion?

A

The direction of the velocity (which is tangent to the trajectory)

41
Q

Centripetal acceleration=?
ac=?

A

v^2/r

42
Q

What is a restoring force (shm)?

A

Acceleration directed towards the center of oscillation and proportional to the distance

43
Q

When is a force doing work?

A

When it acts on a body so that there is a displacement of the point of application in the direction of the force

44
Q

Symbol for work

A

L

45
Q

L=?
(Work)

A

Fs=Fs*cos(theta)

46
Q

If the angle of work is acute what kind of work is it?

A

Positive (motor)

47
Q

If the angle of work is obtuse what kind of work is it?

A

Negative (resistant)

48
Q

If the angle of work is right what kind of work is it?

A

None, L=0

49
Q

What is the SI unit of work?

A

Joule

50
Q

What are 2 practical units of work?

A

Electronvolt (eV)
Kilogram-meter

51
Q

5 forms of energy

A

Kinetic
Gravitational
Electric potential
Thermal
Chemical

52
Q

What are work and energy in relation to each other? and what does that imply?

A

They are homogenous quantities which means they have the same unit of measurement

53
Q

Formula for kinetic energy (Ec)

A

Ec=1/2mv^2

54
Q

What is the variation of the body’s kinetic energy equal to?

A

The work done by the force F that set it in motion

55
Q

What does work indicate?

A

A transfer of energy from one form to another

56
Q

What is a force field?

A

Area of space where a force acts in each point

57
Q

What are the forces and fields defined as if the nature of the forces is such that work doesn’t depend on the trajectory?

A

Conservative

58
Q

What is the work done along a closed trajectory if the forces are conservative?

A

=0

59
Q

W=?
(work done on object)

A

Change in kinetic energy

60
Q

What is the change in kinetic energy in a conservative field?

A

Zero as the work done is also zero

61
Q

What is the work done along a closed trajectory in dissipative forces?

A

Not null, the work depends on the path taken from start to end point

62
Q

What is potenital energy denoted by?

A

U

63
Q

Formula for gravitational potential energy

A

U=mgh

64
Q

Is the kinetic energy theorem valid for both the conservative and non-conservative forces?

A

Yes

65
Q

What happens to the sum of the kinetic and potential energy when only conservative forces act on a body?

A

They remain constant

66
Q

Formula for principle of conservation of mechanical energy

A

U+Ek=constant

67
Q

P=?

A

L/^t=E/^t=F(^s/^t)=Fv

68
Q

SI unit of measurement for power

A

Watt=joule/s

69
Q

A practice unit of measurement for power

A

horsepower (hp)

70
Q

What is Kleiber’s law?

A

Empirical relationship between metabolic rate and mass of an organism

71
Q

What is the absorbed power which measures the speed of energy consumption in physiology called?

A

Metabolism

72
Q

What is the yield of the human body?

A

15-20% (most absorbed energy is dissipated as heat)

73
Q

Ec=?

A

F*s

Medical physics (10 decks)

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