Introduction

Question 1

What is SRU? (with example)

Answer 1

Space Resource Utilization

Eg. Capturing asteroid and bringing it to earth for terrestrial utilization

Question 2

What is ISRU? (with example)

Answer 2

In-Situ Resource Utilization

Eg. mining water and oxygen from moon to supply on moon

Question 3

What is ISCP?

Answer 3

In-situ consumable production

Question 4

What is ISPP?

Answer 4

In-situ propellant production

Question 5

What is ISFR?

Answer 5

In-situ fabrication and repair

Question 6

What are the fundamental questions of ISRU?

Answer 6

1. What is available
2. What is needed / who needs it
3. How can it be used

Question 7

What is the rule of 3?

Answer 7

Humans can last 3 mins without oxygen, 3 days without water and 3 weeks without food

Question 8

What is the mammalian dive response?

Answer 8

We can hold our breath longer under water

Question 9

What percentage of total water intake comes from food water?

Answer 9

20-40 percent

Question 10

What percent of the human body is water?

Answer 10

60-70 percent

Question 11

What is the problem with vitamin D supplements?

Answer 11

Don’t prevent all the symptoms of vitamin D defficiency

Question 12

What propellants are relevant for ISRU on the Moon?

Answer 12

LOX and LH2 (hydrolox)

Question 13

What propellants are relevant for ISRU on the Mars?

Answer 13

LOX and LCH4 (methalox)

Question 14

What are important needs for space settlements in terms of ISRU?

Answer 14

Buildings
Machine Parts
Propellants
Sunlight
Food and Water
Oxygen

Question 15

What is the ambient atmosphere on Earth / Moon / Mars?

Answer 15

1013 mbar / 10^-11 mbar / 6mbar

Question 16

What are the 3 most abundant gases on Earth with composition?

Answer 16

N2 78%
O2 21%
Ar 1%

Question 17

What are the 3 most abundant gases on the Moon with composition?

Answer 17

Ar 40,000 at/cm^3
He 2000 - 40000 at/cm^3
Na 70 at/cm^3

Question 18

What are the 3 most abundant gases on Mars with composition?

Answer 18

CO2 95%
N2 2.7 %
Ar 1.6%

Question 19

What are the three sources for gas on the moon?

Answer 19

• Outgassing from interior due to radioactive decay (Ra/He)
• Gas release due to meteorite / solar wind impacts
• Atmosphere changing due to lunar day night cycle

Question 20

What percent of the Martian atmosphere is oxygen?

Answer 20

0,13 %

Question 21

What are the 5 potential uses of regolith?

Answer 21

Construction
Life Support
Propulsion
Power
Fabrication

Question 22

What are the benefits of ISRU?

Answer 22

• Mass and cost reduction
• Reduced Emissions
• Space Commercialization
• Risk reduction and flexibility
• Human presesnce

Question 23

What is the rocket equation?

Answer 23

\delta v = v_e ln(m_o / m_f)

Question 24

What is delta v of earth to lower earth orbit?

Answer 24

10

Question 25

What are the escape velocities of Earth, Moon and Mars respectively?

Answer 25

11.2 , 2.3 , 5.0 km/s

Question 26

What are some human needs for ISRU?

Answer 26

-Oxygen -Nutrition -Water -Sunlight

Question 27

What are advantages and disadvantages of Hydrolox compared to Methalox?

Answer 27

+ Higher specific impulse + Cleaner - Boiloff - Hydrogen embrittlement

Question 28

What are advantages and disadvantages of Methalox compared to Hydrolox?

Answer 28

+ Higher boiling temperature, making it easier to store and handle + No hydrogen embrittlement - Lower specific impulse - Less clean

Question 29

What are 3 sources from which resources can be extracted in space?

Answer 29

-Atmosphere -Regolith -Sunlight

Question 30

What are 5 benefits of ISRU?

Answer 30

-Mass and Cost Reduction -Reduced Emissions -Space Commercialisation -Risk Reduction and Flexibility -Human Presence

Question 31

What are 3 popular application scenarios for refuelling stations?

Answer 31

-Lunar surface (refuel landed spacecraft for return capability) -EML1 (staging and refuelling spacecraft for Mars departure) -LEO (refuelling upper stages to travel to and beyond GEO)

Question 32

What byproducts/emissions are created during a launch on Earth with Hydrolox/Methalox?

Answer 32

-Hydrolox: NOx -Methalox: NOx, CO2

Question 33

What are the goals for risk reduction and flexibility by ISRU?

Answer 33

-Reduce risk -Minimise mission risk from transportation delays and failures -Failure recovery (account for probability of hardware failures) -Enable long-term stays -Adjust to changing needs during the mission -Take advantage of the modularity (e.g. same interfaces for propellant/consumables)

Question 34

What is the effective exhaust velocity of Hydrolox/Methalox thrusters in vacuum?

Answer 34

4.5 km/s (Hydrolox) 3.6 km/s (Methalox)