Introduction Flashcards
(70 cards)
Machine Cycle
Fetch > Decode > Execute
Retrieve the instruction from memory and increment the Program Counter
Fetch
Decode the bit pattern in the Instruction Register
Decode
Perform the instruction in the Instruction Register
Execute
Instructions are from a language called ____
Machine Language
An executable program is a sequence of these simple instructions, which are stored in memory
Machine Code
The computer can only understand the bits (the encoded program):
Machine Language
English-like abbreviations for programs:
Assembly Language
What the computer actually sees and deals with. Given as a number or a sequence of numbers.
Machine Language
Same as machine language, except the command numbers have been replaced by letter sequences
Assembly Language
Middle-level language, maps human-readable mnemonics to machine instructions, allows machine-level programming without writing in machine language
Assembly Language
Allows you to describe the program in a more natural language
High-level language
Low-level language which provides the basic instructional interface to the computer processor
Assembly Language
As close to the processor as you can get as a programmer
Assembly Language
Reasons not to use assembly:
> Development TIme
Maintainability
Portability
The I/O devices connected to the bus
Input and Output
A collection of the computer’s electrical lines where signals pass through
bus
The bus is typically designed to transfer fixed-sized chunks of bytes known as _____
words
The computer’s processor; Engine that interprets (or executes) instructions stored in main memory
Central Processing Unit
CPU chip includes the _____ and ______
Arithmetic and Logic Unit, CPU Registers
A logic circuit in the CPU that is responsible for performing mathematical and logical operations
Arithmetic and Logic Unit
A set of flip-flops treated as a single unit
register
A digital logic circuit capable of storing a single bit
flip-flop
Temporary storage device that holds both a program and the data it manipulates while the processor is executing the program
Main Memory