Introduction Flashcards
Every subject is from the DSM5 documents. Not touching the DSM4. Also throwing in first aid as well when needed.
1
Q
This is a syndrome charcaterized by clinically signifcant disturbance in an individuals cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental function.
A
Mental disorder
2
Q
True or False: sadness and stress over the death of a loved one is technically a mental disorder.
A
False
An expectable or culturally approved response to a common stressor or loss is not a mental disorder.
3
Q
In what decade did modern treatment of mental illness begin?
A
1950s
4
Q
In which year was the first psychotropic medication marketed (Thorazine/chlorpromazine), which was initally introduced as an antihistamine?
A
1953
5
Q
In what year did JFK sign into law the Community Mental Health Centers act in which the federal government financially sponsored the building of local treatment facilities that had a milieu effect?
A
1962
6
Q
In what year did the Comprehensive Mental Health bill support a wider resource for psychiatric services?
A
1964
7
Q
In what year was the Medicate Modernization Act and Medicaid acts, title XVIII and Title XIX of the Social Security acit?
A
1965
8
Q
What phase from Marc F. Abramson coin to relate the mentally ill being incarcarated?
A
“crominalization of the mentally ill”
9
Q
What other phrase related to some criminals finding their way into the treatment system by malingering in order to avoid prosecution and sentencing into prisons?
A
“psychiatrization of criminal behavior”
10
Q
What happened in 1992 that established block grants for states to fund community mental health services exclusively for patients with serious mental illness who are unable to pay for care?
A
Public Law 102-321 of the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration Reorganization Act
11
Q
What conditions are covered under the Public law 102-321 of 1992 to get services?
A
mental disorders, substance abuse, or developmental disorder that leads to substantial inferference with 1 or more major life activities.
12
Q
What other healthcare program sprouted from the P.L. 102-321, which remains in operation to this day?
A
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administraiton (SAMHSA)
13
Q
Under what 4 conditions should a physician consider referring certain patients to psychiatrists?
A
- displayes self injurous iddeations, attempts, or intentions
- psychosis
- doesnt respond to meds for psych problems
- needs psychotherapy
14
Q
This is the term that describes when the mind functions operate without dysfunction?
A
Normality
15
Q
This is the term that describes when the mind functions operate with dysfunction?
A
Abnormality
16
Q
What are the 2 things affects that are affected from the fact that human beings are organisms systemically evolving from birth to death that involves physiological, biochemical, cognitive, affective, behavioral and social systems?
A
Internal processing and External interactions
17
Q
This is the model in which normality is considered the absence of pathology, and abnormality is considered WHAT THE PATIENT HAS.
A
Disease model
18
Q
This is the model where normality is determined by numbers, such has WHAT A PATIENT IS in terms of gradations and quantifications that identifies the typical or most common benhaviors among a group of people that are normal.
A
Dimension model
19
Q
What is used on a graph to define “normal” in the dimension model?
A
Area under the Curve (AUC)
20
Q
Just like any bell curve, what % of the population is included with 1 SD? 2? 3?
A
1 sd = 68%
2 sd = 95%
3 sd = 99%
21
Q
This is the model that shows the ESSENCE of normality and abnormality, which is an aggregate of developmental, social learning, behavioral, and psychanalytical stuff.
A
Self model
22
Q
What form of the self model shows where normality is determined by chronological maturation, aka “what a person becomes?”
A
Developmental
23
Q
Who was the dude in 1908-1970 who said that movement to a higher level of development can only be achieved if antecedent levels are satisfied?
A
Abraham Maslow
24
Q
Who was the dude in 1896-1980 who said that normality is determined by maturation, or when children increase the capacity to understand the worl?
A
Jean Piaget
25
Which stage of normal development (according to Piaget) is from 0-2 years, differentiates self from objects, achieves object permanence (peek-a-boo)?
Sensori-motor
26
Which stage of normal development (according to Piaget) is from 2-7 years, and is when language is learned to represent objects, and thinking is still egocentric (THIS IS MINE. AND THIS IS MINE. AND THIS IS MINE.)?
Pre-operational
27
Which stage of normal development (according to Piaget) is from 7-11 years, when one can think logically and use classification of objects accoring to several features and can order them in a series along a single dimension such as size?
Concrete operational.
28
Which stage of normal development (according to Piaget) is from 11 years and up, where ther eis emerging skill development that include logical thought, deductive reasoning, and systemiatic planning?
Formal operational
29
Who was the dude in 1902-1994 that said that normal opr abnormal behavior occurs through stages of a Life cycle, which chages through each age?
Eik Erikson
30
Which Erikson stage is from 0-1, and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?
Normal- nurtured effiently and timely, develops confidence and security
Abnormal- child is neglected, develops mistrust, worthlessness and lack ability to eb close to others
Basic Trust vs Mistrust
31
Which Erikson stage is from 1-3, and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?
Normal- learning self control, pooping, feeding, pressing, self pride.
Abnormal- not able to feed, dress, poop, low self esteem and temper tantrums.
Autonomy vs Shame/doubt
32
Which Erikson stage is from 3-6 and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?
Normal- investigating adult activities and trying to be an adult
Abnormal- Oedipal struggle (wanting to possess the opposite sex parent and getting angry when u cant)
Initiative vs Guilt
33
Which Erikson stage is from 6-11, and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?
Normal- bieng curious and capable of learning new skills and knowledge
Abnormal- guilt associated with curiosity for being industrious
Industry vs Inferiority
34
Which Erikson stage is from 11-20 and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?
Normal- morality
Abnormal- confusion with regards to identity, being opposite just to be oppositional (aka all teenage girls)
Identity vs Identity confusion
35
Which Erikson stage is from 20-30, and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?
Normal- intimacy and being ready to settle down
Abnormal- intimacy phobia, isolation
Intimacy vs Isolation
36
what in the hell
am i doing right now
37
Which Erikson stage is from 30-65, and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?
Normal- passing on traditions and stores to younger generations
Abnormal- offering nothing to kids cuz youre an angry old man
Generativity vs Stagnation
38
Which Erikson stage is from 65-death, and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?
Normal- contentment and life fulfillment
Abnormal- despair, wondering what their life was worth
Integrity vs Despair
39
To sum it up, in the developmental stage of the self model, what who made the following models to tell what a person becomes?
Hierarchy of levels
4 stages of development
Life cycle (8 stages)
```
Hierarchy of levels = Maslow
4 stages of development = Piaget
Life cycle (8 stages) = Erikson
```
40
Which stage of the self model says that normality exists when the organism (body and mind) are self-regulating, while abnormality exists when there is dissonance among the organisms systems?
Social learning
41
In the social learning stage of the self model, who indentified stages of social learning from which determinants of nromality and abnormality can be developed?
Normal autism (stage 1), Symbiosis (stage 2), differentiation (stage 3) Practicing (stage 4), Reapprochement (stage 5), and Object constance (stage 6)
Margaret Mahler (1897-1985)
42
In the social learning stage of the self model, who developed his Attachement disorder concept to explain when infants develop normally vs abnormally?
John Bowlby (1907-1990)
43
Which stage of the self model accepts the concept that normal or abnormal behavior is the
result of conditioning?
Behavioral
44
This is the learning in which a natural response (salivation) is elicited by a conditioned or learned, sitmulus (bell) that previously was presented in conjucntion with an unconditioned stimulus (food)?
Classical conditioning
| Pavlov's dogs
45
What is the famous form of classical conditioning you might see in the office?
white coat syndrome
46
This is the learning in which a particular action is elicited because it produces a reward.
Operant conditioning
47
Who developed the operant conditioning?
BF Skinner (1904-1990)
48
This is the form of operant conditioning where desired reward produces action (mouse presses a button to get food).
Positive reinforcement
49
This is the form of operant conditioning where the target behavior (response) is followed by removal of adverse stimulus (mouse presses button to turn off loud music)
Negative reinforcement
50
This is the form of operant conditioning where repeated applicaiton of adverse stimulus extinguishes unwanted behavior
Punishment
51
What form of punishment is when a noxious or unpleasent stimulis is added to decreased unwanted behavior (grounding)?
Positive punishment
52
What form of punishment is used to decrease the liklihood of a behavior by invoking some punishment to be used as a deterrent when the behavior is exhibited by removing something good (losing money through being fined)?
Negative punishment
53
Who was the big dude in the psychoanalytic stage of the self model?
Freud
54
What ages do the following Freudian stages occur?
```
Oral
Anal
Phallic (Oedipal)
Latency
Puberty (Genital)
```
```
Oral: 0-18mo
Anal: 18-36mo
Phallic (Oedipal): 3-6 y/o
Latency: 6-puberty
Puberty (Genital): Puberty lol
```
55
What freud structure of the mind is the pleasure principle (I want I want I want)?
Id
56
What freud structure of the mind is the reality principle, and is the rational part of the mind?
Ego
57
What freud structure of the mind is the perfection ideal or the moral part of the mind?
Superego
58
What are the main Sx of a person with too strong of an Ego?
Extremely rational and efficient
59
What are the main Sx of a person with too strong of a Superego?
Feeling guilty all the time, may even have insufferably saintly personality.
60
This is the mental process that makes us aware of both external and internal perceptions and is bound by time?
Conscious
61
What theory of the mind is no bound by time and is from past stuff?
Unconsicous
62
What is the mental process that serves as the transitional
| conduit to bring unconscious material to the conscious level?
Preconscious
63
This is when the patient projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto physician (like the psychiatrist is seen as a parent)?
Transferance
64
What can the psychiatrist use transference to see in the pt?
to see how the patient surrenders their psychic powers and transfers their authority, feelings and attitudes onto others
65
This is when the doctor projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto patients (the doc is reminded of someone and either hates or loves the pt)?
Countertransference
66
These are mechanizations used to deflect or lessen the effects of unwanted feelings such as fear and anxiety.
Ego Defense mechanisms
67
What is the defence mechanism where there is unacceptable feeling and through are expressed through actions (tantrums)?
Acting out
68
What is the defence mechanism where there is temporaty, drastic change in personality, memory, consciousness, or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress (multiple personality)?
Dissociation
69
What is the defence mechanism where there is avoidance of awarness of the same painful reality (newly diagnosed AIDS pts)?
Denial
70
What is the defence mechanism where there is avoidance of ideas and feelings which are transferred to some neutral person or object (mom yells at kid cuz dad yelled at mom)?
Displacement
71
What is the defence mechanism where there is partially remaining at a more childish level of development (working cdr soraka runes to realize they max 40% cdr when u know u could Q the shit outta people)?
Fixation
72
What is the defence mechanism where there is modeling bbehavior after another person who is mor powerful (though not necessarily admired, like a abused kid becomes a abuser)?
Identification
73
What is the defence mechanism where there is separation of feelings from ideas and devents (describing murder in graphic detail with no emotional response)?
Isolation
74
What is the defence mechanism where there is an unacceptable internal impulse attributed to an external source (man who wants another woman thinks his wife is cheating on him)?
Projection
75
What is the defence mechanism where there is using excessive thinking to avoid painful emotions or fears (man diagnosed with serious cancer gets all smart about it)?
Intellectualization
76
What is the defence mechanism where there is procaliming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons, usually to avoid self-blame (getting fired, saying job wasnt important anyway)?
Rationalization
77
What is the defence mechanism where there is a process whereby a warded-off idea or feeling is replaced by an unconsciously derived emphasis on its opposite (child molester becomes a priest)?
Reaction formation
78
What is the defence mechanism where there is turning back the maturational clock and going back to earlier modes of dealing with the world (kids wetting the bed cuz theyre little shits even though theyre potty trained)?
Regression
79
What is the defence mechanism where there is INvoluntary withholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness (not remembering a traumatic experience)?
Repression
80
What is the defence mechanism where there is the belief that people are wholly good or wholly bad?
Splitting
81
What is the defence mechanism where there is guilty feeling alleviated by unsolicited generosity toward others (mafia boss makes a big doantion to charity)?
Altruism
82
What is the defence mechanism where there is appreciating the amusing nature of an anxiety-provoking or adverse situation (nervous med students make jokes about the boards)?
Humor
83
What is the defence mechanism where there is a process whereby one replaces an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but doesnt conflict with ones value system (teen with daddy issues becomes a sports star, or taking your rage out on a punching bag)?
Sublimation
84
What is the defence mechanism where there is VOLUNTARY withholding of an idea or feeling form conscious awareness (choosing not to think of the USMLE until you get your score)?
Suppression
85
What do mature adults wear, which defines the 4 mature defence mecanisms?
a SASH
| Sublimation, Altruism, Suppression, Humor
86
Identifying data, History of the presenting problem, past psych Hx, substance use disorder, medical Hx, family Hx, developmental Hx, and Social Hx are all parts of what?
Psychiatric exam
87
Which part of the psychiatric exam involves name, age, race, gender, living situation, income, and referall?
Indentifying data
88
Which part of the psychiatric exam involves what (immediate issue), why now, context, precipitating factors, cors, meds, past Hx, and substance use?
History of presenting problem
89
Which part of the psychiatric exam involves examination of the skin, HEENT, pulm, obgyn, endo, and neuro exam?
Active GMC/ROS
90
Which part of the psychiatric exam involves their word, love, pay/leisure, legal Hx, and religion/spirituality?
Social Hx
91
What type of test interprets an individuals dynamics, characteristic modes of behavior, cognitive functioning, and can identify psychopathology?
Personality tests
92
What measurements in a personality test are composed of ambiguous and vague tasks to which a test taker is asked to provide meaning?
Subjective (projective) measurements
93
What are the names of the following subjective tests?
1. Inkblot test
2. Reveal personality fatures, drives, emotions, and emotions and motivations.
3. Test taker is directed to complete a sentence
4. Asking to draw to see projected feelings and thoughts
1. Rorschach
2. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
3. Incomplete sentence blank
4. Draw a person/house/tree/person
94
What measurement tin a personality test is used to eliminate bias from the test results using reliability and validity?
Objective measurements
95
For the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 test, you try to figure out objective information. Which scale does each of the following belong?
1. Whether or not a test taker tries to deliberately present themselves in an unlikely favorable light.
2. Detects deviant or atypical responses like having weird brain stuff
3. Detects people who deny psychopathylogy or present themselves in an unfavorable light.
1. the (L)ie scale
2. the (F) infrequency
3. the (K) suppressor
96
What form of test involves the ability to perform a variety of cognitive tasks that owuld include thinking, analyzing, synthesizing, aptitude, and making decisions?
Intelligence testing.
97
Who were the two dudes who constructed the first intelligence measure, based on average mental levels for various ages?
Simon and Binet
98
What is the IQ question, as depicted by Stern?
IQ = (chronological Age) x 100
99
Who said "Intelligence is the capacity to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with the environment?"
David Wechsler (1896-1981)
100
Wechsler said that the purpose of IQ tests was to assess what 4 things?
Kids with mental retardation
Learning disabilities
Skills and abilities
Aptitude and achievement
101
Which test involves comprehensive coverage of the following factors?
Fluid reasoning
Quantitative reasoning
Visual-spatial processing
Short term/working memory
Stanford-Binet Test 5th edition (2003)
102
What are the tests that assess cognitive functioning such as memory, attention, and executive functioning (Planning, and decision making)?
Neuropsychological tests
103
Which neuropsychological test involves 9 cards with different designs, taker is asked to copy the design form visual memory?
Bender Visual Motor Gestalt
104
Which neuropsychological test involves assessing visual perception, visual memory, and visual-constructive abilities, and scoring is based on # of errors?
Benton-Visual retention
105
Which Formulation for psychiatric treatment involves assessing biological, psychological, and social formulation?
Biopsychosocial formulation
106
Which Formulation for psychiatric treatment involves assessing a physical exam and lab data?
Biological
107
Which Formulation for psychiatric treatment involves assessing drawing form various psycholgical traditions, looking for "patterns" in a patients life, and connection to predisposing psycholgoical themes?
Psychological formulation
108
Which Formulation for psychiatric treatment involves assessing things going on in a pts life context contributing to the problem, environment, relational problems, and abuse/neglect?
Social formulation
109
Which Formulation for psychiatric treatment involves assessing patterns of interaction between members of a relational unit associated with clinicalsignificance?
Social formulation: relational problems
110
Problems relates to a mental disorder, parent-child, partner, sibling, peer, teacher/school, and others are what types of problems?
Relational problems
111
We all know that abuse/neglect could be physical, sexual, or neglect of a child or adult, but what must u specify?
Whether the focus is on a perpetrator or a victim
112
What are the 2 main components of the biopsychosocial treatment plan?
Psychological and Socio-cultural treatment plan
113
For a biological treatment plan, what is it called when u use meds, surgery, ect, vsn, tns, omt, behavioral modification, and diet/exercise?
Conventional/mainstream medicine
114
For a biological treatment plan, what is it called when u use accupressure, lifestyle changes, nutrition, vitamins, exercise, yoga/taichi, biofeedback, and spending weeks in colorado?
Integrative medicine
115
What type of treatment plan involves schools of psychotherapy, drawing from psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and existential-humanistic traditions?
Psychological treatment plan
116
What type of treatment plan involves family stuff, social stuff, and environemnetal stuff?
Social treatment plan
117
What form of psychotherapy involves freudian and non-frreuidian psychoanalyses?
Psychodynamic
118
What form of psychotherapy involves classical and operant conditioning?
Behaviorism
119
What form of psychotherapy involves congition and humanistic components?
Cognitive
