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Introduction Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Component of the sample that is being determined

A

Analyte

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2
Q

Is a tool that gives the assurance that a product conforms to standards and specifications through a system of inspection, analysis and action

A

Quality Control

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3
Q

Six broad areas of application of analytical chemistry

A 
Establish economic value
Determining health hazards
Diagnosis of diseases
Controlling quality 
Relating properties to composition or structure
Conducting research
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4
Q

Based on the number of analyte/s determined

A

Complete or Ultimate

Partial

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5
Q

Based on the amount of sample used in the analysis

A

Macro-analysis
Semi-micro analysis
Micro-analysis
Ultra-micro analysis

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7
Q

Establishes the relative amount of one or more species in the sample

A

Quantitative Analysis

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8
Q

Sample is 1-10mg

A

Micro-analysis

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9
Q

Amount of all of the constituents is determined

A

Complete or Ultimate

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11
Q

Sample is more than 0.1g

A

Macro-analysis

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12
Q

Sample is less than 1mg

A

Ultra-micro analysis

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13
Q

Based on the measurement of physical and chemical properties

A

Physico-chemical or Instrumental method

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14
Q

One or more, but not all of the constituents are determined

A

Partial

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16
Q

Involves measurement of the volume of solution that will react with the analyte

A

Volumetric or Titrimetic method

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17
Q

Based on the type of analyte determined

A

Elemental

Molecular

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18
Q

Based on the amount of analyte present

A

Macro/major

Trace analysis

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19
Q

Based on type of final measurement

A

Volumetric or Titrimetric method
Gravimetric method
Physico-chemical or Instrumental Method
Special methods of analysis

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20
Q

Sample is more than 10-100mg

A

Semi-micro analysis

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21
Q

Portions of a material of approximately same size carried thru same analytical procedure

A

Replicate sample

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22
Q

Indicates closeness of the measurement to its true or accepted value

A

Accuracy

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23
Q

Involves measurement of the weight of a substance of known identity

A

Gravimetric method

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24
Q

Analyte is present in low concentration

A

Trace analysis

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25
Q

Used to correct error due to contaminants

A

Blank determination

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26
Q

Expressed as degree of error (absolute error or relative error)

A

Accuracy

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28
Q

Degree of error

A

Absolute error

Relative error

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29
Reveals the chemical identity of the species in the sample
Qualitative Analysis
30
Useful when a set of data contains an outlier
Median
31
Reflected by precision of measurement
Random or indeterminate error
32
Steps in a typical quantitative analysis
``` Selecting a method of analysis Sampling Preparing the laboratory sample Defining replicate sample Dissolving the sample Eliminating interferences Treating the sample and measuring the analyte Calculating the amount and evaluating the results ```
35
Process of determining the exact concentration of a solution
Standardization
36
Cause data to be scattered more or less asymmetrically around a mean value
Random or indeterminate error
37
Species that causes an error by enhancing/attenuating the quantity being measured
Interferences
38
Caused by imperfections in the measuring devices and instabilities in power supplies
Instrument error
39
All steps of the analysis are performed in the absence of the sample
Blank determination
40
Described using standard deviation, variance and coefficient of variation
Precision
41
Central values
Mean or Average | Median
43
Types of standardization
Primary standardization | Secondary standardization
44
Occurs occasionally, are often large and may cause a result to be either too high or too low
Gross error
45
Analyte is present in high concentration
Macro/major
46
Effect of systematic errors on analytical results
Constant errors | Proportional errors
47
An ultra-pure compound in solid form used as standard
Primary standard
48
Types of systematic error
Instrument error Method error Personal error
49
Refers to the number of moles of solute present in one liter of solution
Molarity
51
Process whereby a standard solution is made to react with a sample in solution in the presence of an indicator until the endpoint is reached
Titration
52
Middle value in a set of data that has been arranged in order of size
Median
53
Arise from non-ideal physical or chemical behavior of analytical systems
Method error
54
Describes the reproducibility of measurements or the closeness of results that have been obtained in exactly the same way
Precision
56
Components of titration
Analyte Standard solution Indicator
57
Methods of concentration expression
``` Molarity Normality Titer Percentage strength Parts per million ```
58
Solution that is not necessarily pure, but whose exact concentration is known
Secondary standard
60
Leads to outliers
Gross error
62
Refers to the number of equivalents of solute in one liter of solution
Normality
63
Substance that changes in color when passing from one medium to another or a reagent that changes color at a point when equivalent amounts of reacting substances have already reacted
Indicator
65
Reagent whose exact concentration is known and that is used in volumetric anlaysis
Standard solution
66
Two types of endpoint
Practical/experimental endpoint | Theoretical/Stoichiometric endpoint/Equivalence point
67
Affects accuracy or results
Systematic or determinate error
68
Properties of primary standard
``` Chemically-pure Chemically-stable Easily prepared Water-soluble Reacts stoichiometrically with the sample With fairly-high equivalent weight ```
69
Substance being analyzed
Analyte
70
Result from carelessness, inattention or personal limitations of. The analyst
Personal error
71
Types of standard solution
Primary standard | Secondary standard
72
Performed simultaneously with actual determination
Blank determination
73
Types of error in experimental data
Random or indeterminate error Systematic or determinate error Gross error
74
Quantity obtained by dividing the sum of replicate measurements by the number of measurements in the set
Mean or Average
77
Causes the mean of a set of data to differ from theaccepted value, either all high or all low
Systematic or determinate error
81
Branch of chemistry that involves separating, identifying and determining the relative amounts of the components in a sample matter
Analytical Chemistry

Quality Control (1 decks)

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