Introduction

Question 1

Define anatomy

Answer 1

The study of structure and the relationships among structures

Question 2

Define physiology

Answer 2

Deals with the functioning of organisms and their parts / and how they work

Question 3

List a few branches of anatomy

Answer 3

Embryology; developmental biology; cell biology; histology; sectional anatomy; gross anatomy; systemic anatomy; regional anatomy; surface anatomy; imaging anatomy; pathological anatomy

Question 4

What is embryology?

Answer 4

Study of (in humans) the first eight weeks of development after fertilisation of the egg

Question 5

What is developmental biology?

Answer 5

The study of the complete developmental history of an individual from fertilisation to death

Question 6

What is cell biology?

Answer 6

study of cellular structure and function

Question 7

What is histology?

Answer 7

study of microscopic structure of tissues

Question 8

What is sectional anatomy?

Answer 8

study of internal structure and relationships of the body through the use of sections

Question 9

What is gross anatomy?

Answer 9

study of structures that can be examined without using a microscope

Question 10

What is systemic anatomy?

Answer 10

study of structure specific systems of the body (such as nervous)

Question 11

What is regional anatomy?

Answer 11

study of specific regions of the body such as the head or chest

Question 12

What is surface anatomy?

Answer 12

study of surface markings of the body to understand the relationships of deep or internal anatomy through visualization and palpation

Question 13

What is imaging anatomy?

Answer 13

study of body structures that can be visualized with x-rays, CT scans, MRI and so on

Question 14

What is pathological anatomy?

Answer 14

study of structural changes (from gross to microscopic) associated with disease

Question 15

What are the levels of organization ? (6)

Answer 15

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism

Question 16

What are the 11 systems of the human body?

Answer 16

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, lymphatic system and immunity, nervous system, endocrine system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system & reproductive system

Question 17

What are components of the integumentary system?

Answer 17

skin, structures like hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat glands, oil glands, the subcutaneous layer

Question 18

What are functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 18

to protect the body; help regulate body temperature; eliminate some wastes; help make vitamin D; detect sensations (touch, pain, warmth, cold); stores fat and provides insulation

Question 19

What are components of the skeletal system?

Answer 19

bones and joints of the body and their associated cartilages

Question 20

What are functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 20

support and protect the body; provide a surface area for muscle attachments; aid body movements; house cells that produce blood cells; store minerals and lipids

Question 21

What are components of the muscular system?

Answer 21

specifically skeletal muscle tissue - muscle usually attached to bones

Question 22

What are functions of the muscular system?

Answer 22

participates in bringing about body movements; producing heat

Question 23

What are components of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 23

blood, heart, and blood vessels

Question 24

What are functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 24

heart pumps blood through blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids; blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels

Question 25

What are components of the lymphatic system and immunity?

Answer 25

Lymphatic fluid, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils; cells that carry out immune responses (B cells, T cells, and others)

Question 26

What are functions of the lymphatic system and immunity?

Answer 26

Returns proteins and fluid to blood; carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood; contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes

Question 27

What are components of the nervous system?

Answer 27

brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs, such as the eyes and ears

Question 28

What are functions of the nervous system?

Answer 28

generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in the body's internal and external environments, interprets the changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions

Question 29

What are components of the endocrine system?

Answer 29

hormone-producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes) and hormone-producing cells in several other organs

Question 30

What are functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 30

Regulates body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target organ

Question 31

What are components of the respiratory system?

Answer 31

lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe) and bronchial tubes within the lungs

Question 32

What are functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 32

Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids; air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds

Question 33

What are components of the digestive system?

Answer 33

organs of gastrointestinal tract - a long tube that includes the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus; also includes accessory organs that assist in digestive processes, such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 34

What are functions of the digestive system?

Answer 34

Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes

Question 35

What are components of the urinary system?

Answer 35

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Question 36

What are functions of the urinary system?

Answer 36

produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids; maintains body's mineral balance; helps regulate production of red blood cells

Question 37

What are components of the reproductive system?

Answer 37

Gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females) and associated organs (such as uterine or fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina in females and epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate, ductus deferenses, and penis in males)

Question 38

What are functions of the reproductive system?

Answer 38

Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism; gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes; associated organs transport and store gametes; mammary glands produce milk

Question 39

What are some examples of life processes?

Answer 39

metabolism; responsiveness; movement; growth; differentiation; reproduction

Question 40

What is a membrane?

Answer 40

A thin pliable tissue that covers, lines, partitions or connects structures.

Question 41

What is the pleura?

Answer 41

A serous membrane associated with the lungs.

Question 42

What is the pericardium?

Answer 42

Serous membrane of the heart

Question 43

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 43

Serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

Question 44

What is a disorder?

Answer 44

Any abnormality of structure and /or function.

Question 45

What is a disease?

Answer 45

Disease is a specific term for an illness characterized by symptoms + signs in which body structures / functions are altered

Question 46

What are the body cavities?

Answer 46

Cranial cavity, vertebral canal, thoracic cavity (pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, mediastinum), abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity)