Introduction

Question 1

Large structures
Easily observable
Can see with naked eye

Answer 1

Gross Anatomy

Question 2

Structures cannot be seen with the naked eye

Structures can be viewed only wth a microscope

Answer 2

Microscopic Anatomy

Question 3

Study of how the body and its parts work or function

Answer 3

Physiology

Question 4

Structure determines what functions can occur

If structure changes, the function must also change

Answer 4

Relationship between anatomy and physiology

Question 5

Levels of structural organization

Answer 5

1. Atoms
2. Cells
3. Tissues
4. Organs
5. Organ systems
6. Organisms

Question 6

Forms the external body covering (skin)
Protects deeper tissue from injury
Helps regulate body temperature
Location of cutaneous nerve receptors

Answer 6

Integumentary system

Question 7

Consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints
Supports the body
Provides muscle attachment for movement
Site of blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)
Stores minerals

Answer 7

Skeletal system

Question 8

Site of blood cell formation

Answer 8

Hematopoiesis

Question 9

Skeletal muscles contract or shorten

Produces movement of bones

Answer 9

Muscular system

Question 10

Fast acting control system
Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors
Responds to internal and external changes
Sends messages via nerve impulses to central nervous systems
Central nervous system activates effectors (muscles and glands)

Answer 10

Nervous system

Question 11

Endocrine glands include: pituitary gland, thyroid and parathyroids, adrenal glands, thymus, pancreas, pineal gland, ovaries (females) and tested (males)

Answer 11

Endocrine system

Question 12

Secretes regulatory hormones
•growth
•reproduction
•metabolism

Answer 12

Endocrine system

Question 13

Includes heart and blood vessels
Heart pumps blood
Vessels transport blood to tissues

Transports materials via blood pumped by heart
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Nutrients
Wastes

Answer 13

Cardiovascular system

Question 14

Includes the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Supplies blood with oxygen
Removes carbon dioxide

Answer 14

Respiratory system

Question 15

Includes the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and accessory organs
Breaks down food
Allows for nutrient absorption into blood
Eliminates indigestible material as feces

Answer 15

Digestive system

Question 16

Includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
Maintains acid base balance
Regulates water and electrolytes

Answer 16

Urinary systems

Question 17

For males, include the testes, scrotum, penis, accessory glands, and duct system
Testes produce sperm

For females, include ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
Ovaries produce eggs
Uterus provides site of development for fetus

Answer 17

Reproductive system

Question 18

Study of the shape and structure of the body

Answer 18

Anatomy

Question 19

Building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules

Answer 19

Atoms

Question 20

Smallest units of all living things

Answer 20

Cells

Question 21

Groups of similar cells that have a common function

Answer 21

Tissues

Question 22

Two or more tissue types that perform a specific function for the body

Answer 22

Organ

Question 23

Group of organs the work together to accomplish a common purpose

Answer 23

Organ system

Question 24

Sum total of all structural levels working together

Answer 24

Organsim

Question 25

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

Answer 25

Human organ systems (11)

Question 26

Maintaining boundaries; movement; responsiveness; digestion; metabolism; excretion; reproduction; growth

Answer 26

Necessary life functions (8)

Question 27

Nutrients; oxygen; water; normal body temperature; atmospheric pressure

Answer 27

Survival Needs (5)

Question 28

Body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing

Answer 28

Homeostasis

Question 29

Includes carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and minerals

Answer 29

Nutrients

Question 30

Essential for normal operation of the respiratory system and breathing

Answer 30

Atmospheric pressure

Question 31

Single substance accounting for over 60% of body weight

Answer 31

Water

Question 32

Required for the release of energy from foodstuffs

Answer 32

Oxygen

Question 33

Provides the basis for body fluids of all types

Answer 33

Water

Question 34

When too high or too low, physiological activities cease, primarily because molecules are destroyed or become nonfunctional

Answer 34

Appropriate body temperature

Question 35

Sensor that monitors and responds to changes (stimuli) in the environment

Answer 35

Receptor

Question 36

Flow from receptor to control center

Answer 36

Afferent pathway

Question 37

Determines level (set point) at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes info it receives, then determines appropriate response or course of action

Answer 37

Control Center

Question 38

Provides means for control center's response to stimulus

Answer 38

Effector

Question 39

Flow from control center to effector

Answer 39

Efferent Pathway

Question 40

Net effect of the response to the stimulus is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity (most homeostatic control mechanisms are neg.)

Answer 40

Negative Feedback mechanism

Question 41

Increase the original disturbance (stimulus) and push the variable farther from its original value - control infrequent, explosive events like blood clotting and childbirth

Answer 41

Positive Feedback Mechansim