Introduction

Question 1

what are the components of the CNS

Answer 1

cerebral hemispheres, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord

Question 2

what are the components of the PNS

Answer 2

dorsal and ventral roots, spinal nerves, peripheral nerves

Question 3

is the cauda equina part of the CNS or PNS

Answer 3

PNS as its made up of dorsal and ventral roots

Question 4

what is grey matter

Answer 4

area of the CNS composed of cell bodies and is highly vascular

Question 5

why is grey matter highly vascular

Answer 5

as it is very metabolically active

Question 6

what is white matter

Answer 6

area of the CNS made up of axons

Question 7

why is white matter white

Answer 7

the axons are myelinated giving a white colour

Question 8

what are ganglia

Answer 8

collections of cell bodies in the PNS

Question 9

what is the equivalent of white matter in the PNS

Answer 9

peripheral nerves

Question 10

at what level does the caudal equina start

Answer 10

L1

Question 11

are dorsal nerves sensory or motor

Answer 11

sensory

Question 12

are ventral nerves sensory or motor

Answer 12

motor

Question 13

what isa funiculus

Answer 13

a segment of white matter which contains axons going up and down the spinal cord

Question 14

what is a tract

Answer 14

an area of white matter containing axons traveling in one direction only to connect 2 areas of grey matter

Question 15

what is a fasciculus

Answer 15

a part of a tract supplying a distinct region of the body

Question 16

what is a nucleus in the CNS

Answer 16

a collection of cell bodies

Question 17

what is the Cortex of the brain

Answer 17

a layer of grey matter on the brain surface

Question 18

what are fibres which are found in white matter

Answer 18

axons which are myelinated and connect 2 regions of grey matter together

Question 19

what are association fibres

Answer 19

fibres/axons which connect regions of grey matter in the same hemisphere

Question 20

what are commissural fibres

Answer 20

fibres/axons which connect regions of grey matter from different hemispheres

Question 21

what type of fibre is the corpus callosum

Answer 21

commissural fibre

Question 22

what are projection fibres

Answer 22

fibres/axons which connect the brain to the spinal cord and the spinal cord to the brain

Question 23

what are the general functions of the midbrain

Answer 23

eye movements and reflexes to vision and sound

Question 24

what are the general functions of pons

Answer 24

feeding and sleeping

Question 25

what are the general functions of the medulla

Answer 25

cardiovascular and respiratory control

Question 26

what sulcus surrounds the primary visual cortex

Answer 26

calcarine sulcus

Question 27

what is the uncus

Answer 27

part of the temporal lobe which may herniate to compress the midbrain. important olfactory role

Question 28

what is the parahippocampal gyrus

Answer 28

a region involved in memory

Question 29

what is the thalamus

Answer 29

a region where sensory fibres pass through

Question 30

what is the fornix

Answer 30

output pathway from the hippocampus

Question 31

where is CSF produced

Answer 31

in the brain ventricles by choroid plexus cells

Question 32

what connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle

Answer 32

cerebral aqueduct

Question 33

how much CSF is produced a day

Answer 33

600ml

Question 34

what does stenosis of the ventricles in the brain lead to

Answer 34

hydrocephalus

Question 35

what is the 3rd ventricle between

Answer 35

the 2 halves of the thalamus

Question 36

where does the CSF drain into from the 4th ventricle

Answer 36

1. central canal 2. the 2 lateral apertures 3. medial apertures

Question 37

where does CSF drain into from the apertures from the 4th ventricle

Answer 37

into the subarachnoid space. then absorbed by the arachnoid granulations in the superior sagittal sinus to become part of the venous circulation

Question 38

what are ventricles 1 and 2 known as

Answer 38

the lateral ventricles