introduction

Question 1

What does the biological approach explain?

Answer 1

it explains behavior in terms of physical causes in our brains and bodies (genes)

Question 2

What is the most likely biological sources for changes in behavior?

Answer 2

neurotransmitters such as serotonin which plays a major part in regulating our moods

Question 3

What does the behaviorist approach explain?

Answer 3

that our behavior is influenced by experience (we learn behaviors)

Question 4

What are the two different types of conditioning?

Answer 4

classical and operant

Question 5

What is the cognitive approach?

Answer 5

that our behavior is effected by our feelings, beliefs, attitudes or expectations

Question 6

What is a schema?

Answer 6

the basic building block of intelligent behavior (a way of organizing knowledge)

Question 7

What is operational conditioning?

Answer 7

Learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior

Question 8

What is an example of operational conditioning?

Answer 8

B.F. Skinner- ‘skinners’ box

Question 9

What are reinforcements in operational conditioning?

Answer 9

responses from the environment that increase the probability of a behavior

Question 10

What is classic conditioning?

Answer 10

learning a new behavior through the process of association

Question 11

What is a example of classic conditioning?

Answer 11

Van Pavlov’s experiment - dogs salivating when hearing a bell

Question 12

What is a cognition?

Answer 12

the process by which knowledge is acquired

Question 13

How do memories work?

Answer 13

encoding => storage => retrieval

Question 14

What is the definition of independent variable?

Answer 14

the variable the experimenter manipulates which is assumed to have a effect on the dependent variable

Question 15

What is the definition of dependent variable?

Answer 15

the variable which the experimenter measures

Question 16

What is the definition of the extraneous variables?

Answer 16

all other variables which are not the independent variable which could effect the dependent variable

Question 17

What is the definition of Quantitative data?

Answer 17

data gathered in numerical form which can be put into categories, ranked or measured

Question 18

What is the definition of qualitative data?

Answer 18

data gathered which is not in the form of numbers

Question 19

What are the advantages of qualitative data?

Answer 19

can suggest possible relationships, causes , effects and dynamic prosesses

Question 20

What are the disadvantages of qualitative data?

Answer 20

large data sets are expensive and costly to collect , it is less easily replicated making less reliable, only a expert can interpret the answers

Question 21

What are the advantages of quantitative data?

Answer 21

statistical analysis is allowed, can construct theories, less open to interpritation

Question 22

What is a lab experiment?

Answer 22

A type of experiment which is conducted in a well controlled environment so as to get as accurate results as possible. Here a standardised procedure can be used and participants a randomly allocated to each independent variable group.

Question 23

What are the strengths of Alan experiment?

Answer 23

It is easy to replicate, and there I presise control. I the unrepentant ad extanou variables slowing cause. And effect to be established

Question 24

What are the weaknesses of lab experiments?

Answer 24

Many produce demand characteristics, low ecological validity

Question 25

What is a example of a lab experiment?

Answer 25

Milgram's experiment of obidience

Question 26

What is a field experiment?

Answer 26

Experiments conducted in the everyday environment of the pparticapents, that still allows the experimenter to manipulate the independent variable

Question 27

What are the strengths of field experiments?

Answer 27

High ecological validity, less probability of demand characteristics

Question 28

What are the weaknesses of field experiments?

Answer 28

Less control over extraneous variables, harder to replicate

Question 29

What is a example of a field experiment?

Answer 29

Holfing's hospital study of obidience

Question 30

What is are natural experiments ?

Answer 30

Experiments that are conducted in every day environments of the particapents and the experimenter does not have control over the independent variable as it naturally occurs

Question 31

What are the strengths of natural experiments?

Answer 31

High ecological validity, less probability of demand characteristics, can be used in situations that it would be unethical change the independent variables

Question 32

What are the weaknesses of natural experiments?

Answer 32

Expensive, time consuming, no control over extraneous variables, hard to replicate

Question 33

What is a quasi experiment?

Answer 33

A experiment which uses naturally occurring independent variables such as age or gender and observe its effect on the dependent variable

Question 34

What are the strengths of quasi experiments?

Answer 34

Useful when testing a unethical hypothesis, high ecological validity

Question 35

What is a example of a natural experiment?

Answer 35

Hodge and Tizard's attachment reasearch

Question 36

What are the weaknesses of quasi experiments?

Answer 36

Less reliable, hard to repeat, no control over extraneous variables, time consuming, demand characteristics

Question 37

What is naturalistic observation?

Answer 37

Studying the spontaneous behaviour of participants in natural surroundings

Question 38

What are the strengths of natural observations?

Answer 38

High ecological validity, generate new hypothesis or explanations

Question 39

What are the limitations of natural observations?

Answer 39

Lack of representation of the general population, less reliable due to the lack of control over extraneous variables, psychologists have to be trained to spot behaviour, cause and effect cannot be established

Question 40

What is a controlled observation?

Answer 40

A observation of participants in a psychological laboratory, allowing all behaviour to be observed and categorised or measured

Question 41

What are the strengths of controlled observation?

Answer 41

Easy to replicate, easy and quick to analyse data, quick and cheap

Question 42

What are the weaknesses of controlled observations?

Answer 42

Low ecological validity, demand characteristics

Question 43

What is an example of controlled observation?

Answer 43

Sleep labatories