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Parasitology - review > introduction > Flashcards

introduction Flashcards

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1
Q

Parasitology

A

the area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one organism to another

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2
Q
  • organism depending on another living creature for

existence

A

parasite

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3
Q
  • organism that supports or harbors parasite
A

Host

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4
Q
  • are responsible for transmitting the parasite from one

host to another

A

vector

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5
Q
  • number of new cases of infection in a population in a

given period of time

A

incidence

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6
Q
  • the act or process of inoculation
A

exposure

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7
Q

animal parasites which are harmful, frequently causing

local and systemic damage of one type or another

A

pathogen

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8
Q

when an individual harboring a parasite is

reinfected with the same species of parasites

A

superinfection

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9
Q

when the infected person is his own direct source

of reexposure

A

autoinfection

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10
Q

– living together of phylogenetically different organisms

-two different organisms living together

A

Symbiosis

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11
Q

types of symbiotic relationships

A

1) commensalism
2) mutualism
3) parasitism

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12
Q

– beneficial to one organism, neutral to the other

A

commensalism

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13
Q

– beneficial to both organisms

A

mutualism

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14
Q

– one organism benefits, the other is harmed

A

parasitism

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15
Q

– the smaller organism (phoront) is mechanically

transmitted by the other

A

Phoresis

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16
Q

Pthuris pubis

A

pubic louse/ crab louse

*ectoparasite

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17
Q

types of vector

A

1) mechanical/phoretic vector

2) biological vector

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18
Q

– the parasite is only seen on
the surface of this organism and there will be no development on
the parasite

A

mechanical/phoretic vector

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19
Q

– the parasite is seen inside the body of this

organism and the parasite needs this organism for its development

A

biological vector

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20
Q

periplaneta americana

A

cockroach

-common vector of ascaris lumbricoides

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21
Q

– depend entirely upon their host for existence

*A.lumbricoides

A

Obligate parasite

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22
Q

exist in a free-living state or may become
parasitic when the need arises

*S. stercoralis

A

Facultative parasite

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23
Q
  • attack an unusual host
A

Incidental parasite

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24
Q
  • free-living organisms in nature

that are parasitic to others but not in human

A

SPURIOUS (COPROZOIC) PARASITE

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25
- is a parasite that is able to multiply in fecal | matter outside the human body.
COPROPHILIC PARASITE
26
arval stage is passed in a host while the | adult is free living
Transitory parasite
27
– lives on its host until maturity or spends its | entire life on its host
Permanent parasite
28
– one that parasitizes a host for short periods
Periodic parasite
29
occurs in an unusual habitat
Erratic parasite
30
– visit the host only during feeding time
Intermittent parasite
31
– found in man alone; transmitted | from one human host to another
ANTHROPONOTIC PARASITE
32
– primarily infects man and maybe | transmitted to animals
ZOOANTHROPONOTIC PARASITE
33
– primarily infects animals and may be | acquired by man
ZOONOTIC PARASITE
34
– occurs in an unusual host
ACCIDENTAL (INCIDENTAL) PARASITE –
35
- parasite living outside the body of the host - will not penetrate into the tissues - living on the surface of the skin
Ectoparasite
36
infections caused by Ectoparasite
Infestation
37
Pediculus | humanus humanus
body louse
38
Pediculus humanus capitis
head louse
39
Sarcoptes scabei
itsch mite
40
- parasite living inside the body of the host | - usually these are responsible to cause human infections
Endoparasite
41
caused by Endoparasite
Infection
42
- that which lives in organic substances in state of | decomposition
SAPROPHYTES -
43
- harbors mature / adult parasite
DEFINITIVE (FINAL HOST) -
44
- harbors immature / larval parasite
INTERMEDIATE
45
- serves as repository of the parasite
RESERVOIR
46
- a type of host wherein the parasite does not develop into the final stage and instead, undergo and arrested stage of development; carries infective stage of parasite
PARATENIC (TRANSPORT)
47
Sources of Parasite Infections
1) Contaminated soil and water 2) Food containing immature infective stage of the parasite 3) Eating raw or inadequately cooked foods 4) Blood sucking insects 5) Domestic animals 6) Another person 7) Oneself
48
samples of Contaminated soil and water source of infections
- E. histolytica | - G. lamblia
49
samples of Food containing immature infective stage of the parasite source of infections
- A. lumbricoides | - T. trichiura
50
samples of Eating raw or inadequately cooked foods source of infections
- E. ilocanum (snails) - C. philippinensis (fish) - D. latum (fish) - T. saginata (beef) - T. solium (pork)
51
samples of Blood sucking insects source of infections
- W. bancrofti | - B. malayi
52
samples of domestic animasl source of infections
- D. caninum | - H. diminuta
53
samples of another person source of infections
-T. vaginalis (sexually transmitted)
54
- particular site of the body where the parasite | prefers to enter
portal of entry
55
site of the body where the parasite moves out
portal of exit
56
mouth as portal of entry
- A. lumbricoides - T. trichuria - E. vermicularis - E. histolytica - G. lamblia - C. philippinensis
57
skin as portal of entry
- N. americanus - A. duodenale - S. stercolaris - S. japonicum
58
percutaneous portal of entry
- Malarial parasites - Filarial worms - Leishmania - Trypanosomes
59
inhalation portal of entry
E. vermicularis
60
secretions as portal of entry
- S. stercolaris | - Ancylostoma spp.
61
sexually transmitted
- T. vaginalis
62
– causes definite pathological lesions
pathogenic
63
derives nutrients from the host without causing | pathological lesions
nonpathogenic
64
– causes mild disease in healthy individuals and | severe pathological lesions in immunocompromised hosts
opportunistic
65
– human host harboring a pathogenic parasite without manifesting signs and symptoms but may transmit the parasite to others
carrier
66
Spurious parasite
passes digestive tract of humans WITHOUT infecting them
67
Eimeria saardinae is an example of what type of parasite
Spurious
68
usually protozoans, able to multiply in | fecal matter outside human body
coprophilic
69
parasite that does not develop to final stage happens in what host
Paratenic host
70
a host that allows parasite to continue its life
Reservoir host
71
motile, feeding stage of protozoan
trophozoite
72
non motile, non feeding stage of protozoan
cyst

Parasitology - review (6 decks)

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