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Parasitology - review > introduction > Flashcards

introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Parasitology

A

the area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one organism to another

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2
Q
  • organism depending on another living creature for

existence

A

parasite

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3
Q
  • organism that supports or harbors parasite
A

Host

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4
Q
  • are responsible for transmitting the parasite from one

host to another

A

vector

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5
Q
  • number of new cases of infection in a population in a

given period of time

A

incidence

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6
Q
  • the act or process of inoculation
A

exposure

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7
Q

animal parasites which are harmful, frequently causing

local and systemic damage of one type or another

A

pathogen

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8
Q

when an individual harboring a parasite is

reinfected with the same species of parasites

A

superinfection

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9
Q

when the infected person is his own direct source

of reexposure

A

autoinfection

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10
Q

– living together of phylogenetically different organisms

-two different organisms living together

A

Symbiosis

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11
Q

types of symbiotic relationships

A

1) commensalism
2) mutualism
3) parasitism

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12
Q

– beneficial to one organism, neutral to the other

A

commensalism

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13
Q

– beneficial to both organisms

A

mutualism

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14
Q

– one organism benefits, the other is harmed

A

parasitism

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15
Q

– the smaller organism (phoront) is mechanically

transmitted by the other

A

Phoresis

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16
Q

Pthuris pubis

A

pubic louse/ crab louse

*ectoparasite

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17
Q

types of vector

A

1) mechanical/phoretic vector

2) biological vector

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18
Q

– the parasite is only seen on
the surface of this organism and there will be no development on
the parasite

A

mechanical/phoretic vector

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19
Q

– the parasite is seen inside the body of this

organism and the parasite needs this organism for its development

A

biological vector

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20
Q

periplaneta americana

A

cockroach

-common vector of ascaris lumbricoides

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21
Q

– depend entirely upon their host for existence

*A.lumbricoides

A

Obligate parasite

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22
Q

exist in a free-living state or may become
parasitic when the need arises

*S. stercoralis

A

Facultative parasite

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23
Q
  • attack an unusual host
A

Incidental parasite

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24
Q
  • free-living organisms in nature

that are parasitic to others but not in human

A

SPURIOUS (COPROZOIC) PARASITE

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25
Q
  • is a parasite that is able to multiply in fecal

matter outside the human body.

A

COPROPHILIC PARASITE

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26
Q

arval stage is passed in a host while the

adult is free living

A

Transitory parasite

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27
Q

– lives on its host until maturity or spends its

entire life on its host

A

Permanent parasite

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28
Q

– one that parasitizes a host for short periods

A

Periodic parasite

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29
Q

occurs in an unusual habitat

A

Erratic parasite

30
Q

– visit the host only during feeding time

A

Intermittent parasite

31
Q

– found in man alone; transmitted

from one human host to another

A

ANTHROPONOTIC PARASITE

32
Q

– primarily infects man and maybe

transmitted to animals

A

ZOOANTHROPONOTIC PARASITE

33
Q

– primarily infects animals and may be

acquired by man

A

ZOONOTIC PARASITE

34
Q

– occurs in an unusual host

A

ACCIDENTAL (INCIDENTAL) PARASITE –

35
Q
  • parasite living outside the body of the host
  • will not penetrate into the tissues
  • living on the surface of the skin
A

Ectoparasite

36
Q

infections caused by Ectoparasite

A

Infestation

37
Q

Pediculus

humanus humanus

A

body louse

38
Q

Pediculus humanus capitis

A

head louse

39
Q

Sarcoptes scabei

A

itsch mite

40
Q
  • parasite living inside the body of the host

- usually these are responsible to cause human infections

A

Endoparasite

41
Q

caused by Endoparasite

A

Infection

42
Q
  • that which lives in organic substances in state of

decomposition

A

SAPROPHYTES -

43
Q
  • harbors mature / adult parasite
A

DEFINITIVE (FINAL HOST) -

44
Q
  • harbors immature / larval parasite
A

INTERMEDIATE

45
Q
  • serves as repository of the parasite
A

RESERVOIR

46
Q
  • a type of host wherein the parasite does
    not develop into the final stage and instead, undergo and arrested
    stage of development; carries infective stage of parasite
A

PARATENIC (TRANSPORT)

47
Q

Sources of Parasite Infections

A

1) Contaminated soil and water
2) Food containing immature infective stage of the parasite
3) Eating raw or inadequately cooked foods
4) Blood sucking insects
5) Domestic animals
6) Another person
7) Oneself

48
Q

samples of Contaminated soil and water source of infections

A
  • E. histolytica

- G. lamblia

49
Q

samples of Food containing immature infective stage of the parasite source of infections

A
  • A. lumbricoides

- T. trichiura

50
Q

samples of Eating raw or inadequately cooked foods source of infections

A
  • E. ilocanum (snails)
  • C. philippinensis (fish)
  • D. latum (fish)
  • T. saginata (beef)
  • T. solium (pork)
51
Q

samples of Blood sucking insects source of infections

A
  • W. bancrofti

- B. malayi

52
Q

samples of domestic animasl source of infections

A
  • D. caninum

- H. diminuta

53
Q

samples of another person source of infections

A

-T. vaginalis (sexually transmitted)

54
Q
  • particular site of the body where the parasite

prefers to enter

A

portal of entry

55
Q

site of the body where the parasite moves out

A

portal of exit

56
Q

mouth as portal of entry

A
  • A. lumbricoides
  • T. trichuria
  • E. vermicularis
  • E. histolytica
  • G. lamblia
  • C. philippinensis
57
Q

skin as portal of entry

A
  • N. americanus
  • A. duodenale
  • S. stercolaris
  • S. japonicum
58
Q

percutaneous portal of entry

A
  • Malarial parasites
  • Filarial worms
  • Leishmania
  • Trypanosomes
59
Q

inhalation portal of entry

A

E. vermicularis

60
Q

secretions as portal of entry

A
  • S. stercolaris

- Ancylostoma spp.

61
Q

sexually transmitted

A
  • T. vaginalis
62
Q

– causes definite pathological lesions

A

pathogenic

63
Q

derives nutrients from the host without causing

pathological lesions

A

nonpathogenic

64
Q

– causes mild disease in healthy individuals and

severe pathological lesions in immunocompromised hosts

A

opportunistic

65
Q

– human host harboring a pathogenic parasite without
manifesting signs and symptoms but may transmit the parasite to
others

A

carrier

66
Q

Spurious parasite

A

passes digestive tract of humans WITHOUT infecting them

67
Q

Eimeria saardinae is an example of what type of parasite

A

Spurious

68
Q

usually protozoans, able to multiply in

fecal matter outside human body

A

coprophilic

69
Q

parasite that does not develop to final stage happens in what host

A

Paratenic host

70
Q

a host that allows parasite to continue its life

A

Reservoir host

71
Q

motile, feeding stage of protozoan

A

trophozoite

72
Q

non motile, non feeding stage of protozoan

A

cyst

Parasitology - review (6 decks)

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