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Parasitology - review > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

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1
Q

single-celled eukaryotes (organisms whose cells have
nuclei) that commonly show characteristics usually
associated with animals, most notably mobility and
heterotrophy

A

Protozoa

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2
Q

move by means of locomotory organelles that arise from

the _____

A

ectoplasm

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3
Q

locomotory organelle or parasitic amoeba

A

Pseudopods

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4
Q

only pathogenic amoeba

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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5
Q

pathogenic and free-living protozoa

A
  • Naegleria fowleri
  • Acanthamoeba spp.
  • Balamuthia mandillaris
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6
Q

protozoa named by Schaudin

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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7
Q

progressive motility with hyaline, fingerlike
pseudopods
-rapid progressive undirectinal

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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8
Q

karyosome: small, central and delicate nuclear

karyosomal chromatin

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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9
Q

Stages of development for protozoa

A

Trophozoites and cysts

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10
Q

peripheral chromatin: fine, evenly distributed peripheral chromatin

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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11
Q

Entamoeba histolytica inclusions (troph)

A
  • Ingested red blood cell

- Charcot-Leyden crystals

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12
Q

-Charcot-Leyden crystals stained with trichrome stain)

A

bright red

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13
Q

karyosome of E. histolytica

A

Small and central

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14
Q

Entamoeba histolytica inclusions (cyst)

A

chromatoidal bars: cigar shaped
chromatoidal bodies on trichrome: bright red
C.bodies in iodine: do not stain
-Diffuse glycogen mass in trichrome is colorless

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15
Q

MOT of Entamoeba histolytica

A

: ingestion of food or water contaminated by

cysts of the organism

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16
Q

feeding stage
motile
liquid watery stools
not stained by Iodine

A

Trophozoite

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17
Q

nonfeeding, nonmotile, formed stool

stained by iodine

A

Cyst

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18
Q

Amoeba that are not intestinal dwellers

A

E. gingivalis (mouth)
Acanthamoeba
Naegleria

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19
Q

amoeba that does not undergo encystation

A

E. gingivalis

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20
Q

infective stage of amoeba

A

cysts

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21
Q

diagnostic stage

A

cyst and troph

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22
Q

infections by E. histolytica

A

Liver abscess
Amoebic pericarditis
cutaneous amoebiasis
genital amoebiasis

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23
Q

caharacteristic of intestinal amoebiasis of E. histolytica

A

FLASK SHAPE ULCER

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24
Q

ANCHOVY SAUCE LIKE

A

liver abscess in E. histolytica

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25
B. VIRULENT FACTORS of E. histolytica
1. Gal/Gal Nac lectin: cytoadherence 2. Amebapores: poreformers 3. Cysteine proteinase: tissue invasiveness
26
lab diagnosis of E. histolytica
1. Direct Fecal Smear 2. Liver aspiration biopsy 3. Culture – Non-nutrient agar seeded with E. coli 4. Serologic test (SREHP) 5. Concentration test 6. Radiographic non-invasive techniques: X-ray/MRI/CT scan
27
stain for troph
Quensel's methylene blue
28
Stains for troph and cyst
Best carmine stain trichrome stain Iron hematoxylin stain
29
what to do if e first examination is negative.
If possible, three specimens passed at intervals of 2-3 days should be examined.
30
Good preservation of morphology of protozoan trophozoites and cysts • Easy preparation of permanent stained smears
Schauddinn's fixative
31
Iodine and concentration techniques destroy
Trophozoites
32
Stool must be transported in the laboratory in room | temperature within
1 hour
33
is an environment-friendly stool preservative that is useful for amebic trophozoites
SAF (Sodium acetate-Acetic Acid-Formalin)
34
Lugol's iodine
cyst diagnosis
35
sluggish, nonprogressive motility
Entamoeba coli
36
Entamoeba coli karyosome
eccentrically located
37
Entamoeba coli inclusion
vacuole containing bacteria | witch broom stick appearance of diffuse glycogen mass
38
nuclei of Entamoeba coli cysts
1 - 8
39
E. histolytica cyst nuclei
1 - 4
40
nonprogressive motility
E. hartmanni
41
E. hartmanni cyst nuclei
1 - 4
42
E. hartmanni cytoplasmic inclusion
Diffuse glycogen mass
43
CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUES
1. Formalin-ether (or ethyl acetate) concentration technique 2. Acid-ether concentration technique 3. Zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation 4. Brine’s flotation 5. Sheather’s flotation
44
Preferred for concentrating coccidian oocysts | like those of Isospora and Cryptosporidium
Sheather’s flotation
45
Brine's floatation Uses saturated salt solution with a specific gravity of ____
1.28
46
SG of ZnSO4 in Zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation
1.18
47
specific gravity must be adjusted to ____ when using formalin preservative in ZnSO4 technique
1.120
48
Recommended for animal parasites, Trichuris, | Capillaria and Schistosoma eggs
Acid-ether concentration technique
49
40% HCl serves as clearing agent
Acid-ether concentration technique
50
Good preservation of helminth eggs, larvae and protozoan cysts; sediments can be stored for long period of time
Formalin-ether (or ethyl acetate) concentration technique
51
in Formalin-ether (or ethyl acetate) concentration technique, what is formalin's action?
as preservative
52
in Formalin-ether (or ethyl acetate) concentration technique, what is ether's action?
fat removal
53
witch broom stick appearance of diffuse glycogen inclusion
E. coli
54
E. hartmanni is distinguished from E. histolytica by ____
size
55
“cross-eyed cyst”, QUADRINUCLEATE cyst
Endolimax nana
56
: large glycogen vacuole (stains with IODINE) cyst
Iodamoeba butschlii
57
E. hartmanni inclusions
ingested bacteria
58
Cyst with one (1) nuclei (uninucleated)
Entamoeba poleckii | Iodamoeba butschlii
59
Entamoeba poleckii inclusion
ingested bacteria and food particles
60
endolimax nana inclusion
bacteria but not within
61
Blot-like appearance of karyosome
E. nana *centrally, large & irregular
62
Iodine loving amoeba (cyst)
Iodamoeba butschlii
63
progressive sluggish motility
Iodamoeba butschlii
64
amoeba with no cyst
Entamoeba gingivalis
65
Active motility
Entamoeba gingivalis
66
cytoplasmic inclusions of Entamoeba gingivalis
food vacuoles containing WBC
67
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis
Naegleria fowleri
68
blunt like pseudopodia with sluggish motility
Naegleria fowleri
69
has 3 known morphologic forms
Naegleria fowleri
70
Naegleria fowleri 3 known morphologic forms
1) Amoeboid trophozoite 2) Flagellate 3) Cyst
71
Smears of CSF are prepared from _____ for N. fowleri
CSF sediment
72
The stains used for Naegleria and Acanthamoeba are
H&E | and Wright’s stain.
73
MOT of Naegleria
: intranasal (enters mucosal | membranes)
74
Acanthamoeba (Hartmannella) castellani MOT
amebae probably spread directly to the meninges | from the nasopharynx
75
exhibits double-walled cysts | with an outer wrinkled wall and an inner polygonal wall.
Acanthamoeba castellani
76
Culture media: rhesus monkey, rabbit, calf, or human kidney cells in medium 199 with 2% calf serum, and antibiotics added
Acanthamoeba
77
wearing contact lenses
Acanthamoeba
78
Acanthamoeba clinical significance
GAE (Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis) | • Acanthamoeba keratitis
79
spinelike pseudopods and sluggish motility
Acanthamoeba
80
Specimen of choice for Acanthamoeba
CSF Brain tissue corneal scrapings
81
the only pathogenic ciliate of man.
Balantidium coli
82
Largest protozoan parasite of man
Balantidium coli
83
Cyst has a kidney- or bean-shaped macronucleus for _____, ; a spherical micronucleus for _____
vegetation (feeding); reproduction (sexual stage)
84
Trophozoite is surrounded with cilia and exhibits
s thrownball motility
85
B. coli MOT
ingestion of food or water | contaminated with fecal material
86
often infested | with Balantidium coli
Pigs and various species of monkeys
87
B. coli cyst excyst in ____; troph _____
Small intestine; large intestine
88
B. coli troph invades intestinal epithelium and secretes enzyme _____
Hyaluronidase
89
balantidiasis is Differentiated from amoebic dysentery
does not spread to extraintestinal sites
90
Acute diarrhea with mucus and blood, cramps -Complications include intestinal perforation and acute appendicitis
balantidiasis
91
A straminophile previously classified as a fungus or | protozoan
Blastocystis hominis
92
Blastocystis hominis habitat
Small intestine
93
Blastocystis hominis MOT
: ingestion of vacuolated form
94
specimen of choice for the recovery of | Blastocystis
STOOL
95
often mistaken for cyst of amoeba
Blastocystis hominis
96
B. hominis infections indicated that they occurred as | ______ in subtropical countries
EPIDEMIC
97
Blastocystis hominis infection
- diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, fever as well as abdominal pain and cramping
98
Microsporidia spores are released from
stool, respiratory secretions and urine of infected animals.
99
microsporidia habitat
Small intestine
100
MOT of microsporidia
ingestion or inhalation of | microsporidian spores
101
Stain for MIcrosporidia
Modified Trichrome stain
102
Disease association of microsporidia
diarrheal disease among | immunocompromised patients

Parasitology - review (6 decks)

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