Introduction and General Orientation to Human Anatomy

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

the study of structure

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

the study of function

Question 3

Inspection

Answer 3

simply looking at the body’s appearance, as in performing a physical examination or making a clinical diagnosis from surface appearance

Question 4

Palpation

Answer 4

feeling a structure with the hands, such as taking a pulse or feeling a swollen lymph node

Question 5

Auscultation

Answer 5

listening to the natural sounds made by the body, such as heart and lung sounds

Question 6

Percussion

Answer 6

the examiner taps on the body, feels for abnormal resistance, and listens to the emitted sound for signs of abnormalities such as pocket of fluid or air

Question 7

Dissection

Answer 7

the careful cutting and separation of tissues to reveal their relationships

Question 8

Cadaver

Answer 8

a dead human body

Question 9

Comparative Anatomy

Answer 9

the study of more than one species to examine structural similarities and differences and analyze evolutionary trends

Question 10

Exploratory Surgery

Answer 10

opening the body and taking a look inside to see what is wrong and what can be done about it

Question 11

Medical Imaging

Answer 11

methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery

Question 12

Radiology

Answer 12

the branch of medicine concerned with imaging

Question 13

Gross Anatomy

Answer 13

structure that can be seen with the naked eye - whether by surface observation, radiology, or dissection

Question 14

Histology (microscopic anatomy)

Answer 14

take tissue specimens, thinly slice and stain them, and observe them under the microscope

Question 15

Histopathology

Answer 15

the microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease

Question 16

Cytology

Answer 16

the study of the structure and function of individual cells

Question 17

Ultrastructure

Answer 17

refers to fine detail, down to the molecular level, revealed by the electron microscope

Question 18

Comparative Physiology

Answer 18

the study of how different species have solved problems of life such as water balance, respiration and reproduction

Question 19

Organism

Answer 19

a single, complete individual

Question 20

Organ System

Answer 20

a group of organs with a unique collective function

Question 21

Organ

Answer 21

a structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function

Question 22

Tissue

Answer 22

a mass of similar cells and cell products that forms a discrete region of and organ and performs a specific function

Question 23

Cells

Answer 23

the smallest units of and organism that carry out all the basic functions of life; nothing simpler that a cell is considered alive

Question 24

Organelles

Answer 24

microscopic structures in a cell that carry out its individual functions

Question 25

Molecules

Answer 25

a particle composed of at least two atoms that make up organelles and other cellular components

Question 26

Atoms

Answer 26

the smallest particles with unique chemical identities

Question 27

Anatomical Position

Answer 27

a stance in which a person stands erect with the feet flat on the floor and close together, arms at the sides, and the palms and face directed forward

Question 28

Sagittal Plane

Answer 28

passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into right and left portions

Question 29

Median (Mid-Sagittal) Plane

Answer 29

the sagittal plane that divides the body or organ into equal halves

Question 30

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Answer 30

extends vertically but is perpendicular to the sagittal plane and divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

Question 31

Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

Answer 31

passes across the body or an organ perpendicular to its long axis; it divides the body or organ into superior(upper) and inferior (lower) portions

Question 32

Ventral

Answer 32

toward the front or belly

Question 33

Dorsal

Answer 33

toward the back or spine

Question 34

Anterior

Answer 34

toward the ventral side

Question 35

Posterior

Answer 35

toward the dorsal side

Question 36

Cephalic

Answer 36

toward the head or superior end

Question 37

Rostral

Answer 37

toward the forehead or nose

Question 38

Caudal

Answer 38

toward the tail or inferior end

Question 39

Superior

Answer 39

above

Question 40

Inferior

Answer 40

below

Question 41

Medial

Answer 41

toward the median plane

Question 42

Lateral

Answer 42

away from the median plane

Question 43

Proximal

Answer 43

closer to the point of attachment or origin

Question 44

Distal

Answer 44

farther from the point of attachment or origin

Question 45

Ipsilateral

Answer 45

on the same side of the body

Question 46

Contralateral

Answer 46

on opposite sides of the body

Question 47

Superficial

Answer 47

closer to the body surface

Question 48

Deep

Answer 48

farther from the body surface

Question 49

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

Answer 49

RUQ RLQ LUQ LLQ

Question 50

What are the three lateral regions of the abdomen, from upper to lower?

Answer 50

hypochondriac region lumbar region inguinal (iliac) region

Question 51

What are the three medial regions of the abdomen, from upper to lower?

Answer 51

epigastric region umbilical region hypogastric (pubic) region

Question 52

Appendicular Region

Answer 52

consists of the upper and lower limbs (also called appendages or extremities)

Question 53

Arm

Answer 53

brachial region

Question 54

Forearm

Answer 54

antebrachial region

Question 55

Wrist

Answer 55

carpal region

Question 56

Hand

Answer 56

manual region

Question 57

Fingers

Answer 57

digits

Question 58

Thigh

Answer 58

femoral region

Question 59

Leg

Answer 59

crural region

Question 60

Ankle

Answer 60

tarsal region

Question 61

Foot

Answer 61

pedal region

Question 62

Toes

Answer 62

digits

Question 63

Segment (of a limb)

Answer 63

a region between one joint and the next

Question 64

Cranial Cavity

Answer 64

enclosed by the cranium (braincase) and contains the brain

Question 65

Vertebral Canal

Answer 65

enclosed by the vertebral column (backbone) and contains the spinal cord

Question 66

Meninges

Answer 66

three membrane layers that protect the delicate nervous tissue from the hard protective bone that encloses it

Question 67

Mediastinum

Answer 67

a thick wall dividing the thoracic cavity located between the lungs, extending from the base of the neck to the diaphragm occupied by the heart, the major blood vessels connected to it, the esophagus, the trachea and bronchi, and a gland called the thymus

Question 68

Pericardium

Answer 68

a two-layered membrane enfolding the heart

Question 69

Visceral Pericardium

Answer 69

the inner layer of the pericardium that forms the surface of the heart

Question 70

Parietal Pericardium (Pericardial Sac)

Answer 70

the outer layer of the pericardium that forms the surface of the heart

Question 71

Pericardial Cavity

Answer 71

contains the heart

Question 72

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 72

contains the pleural cavities and the pericardial cavity

Question 73

Pleura

Answer 73

a serous membrane lining the lungs has visceral (inner) and parietal (outer) layers

Question 74

Visceral Pleura

Answer 74

forms the external surface of the lung

Question 75

Parietal Pleura

Answer 75

lines the inside of the rib cage

Question 76

Pleural Cavity

Answer 76

the narrow space between the visceral and parietal pleura house the lungs

Question 77

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Answer 77

contains the abdominal cavity superiorly and the pelvic cavity inferiorly

Question 78

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 78

contains the digestive organs, spleen, and kidneys

Question 79

Pelvic Cavity

Answer 79

contains the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs