Introduction and General Terms Flashcards
1
Q
What percentage of food from the U.S is sent abroad?
A
2%
2
Q
What do we sell overseas?
A
Meat and grains
3
Q
What are basic human needs?
A
Food, shelter, clothing, fuel, emotional well being
4
Q
Animal products provide ___% of calories and ___% of protein in our diets.
A
16 and 35
5
Q
What percent of per capita income dose US leave for food?
A
12%
6
Q
___% to ___% of income in India and China are used for food.
A
55 to 65
7
Q
What are the reason land conservation is good practice in agriculture?
A
- Sustainable agriculture
-Utilize forage
-Control unwanted plants
-Control wildfires
-Decreased use of chemical herbicides
8
Q
How has agriculture changed?
A
- Size of operations
-Traceability of product has improved - family farms are declining
- new food-producing sources
9
Q
What ways has foreign agriculture influenced us?
A
- Impacts on US prices
- Differences in production like labor rates, cost of supplies/chemicals, and Us regulations and procedures
10
Q
What affects the cost of chemicals and supplies?
A
Availability
11
Q
Increased size of operations=_____?
A
Decreased cost of production
12
Q
U.S wants _____ food prices.
A
Cheap
13
Q
What are examples of genetic improvements that can be made in livestock and crop production?
A
-Selection of superior animals and varieties
- embryo transfers, splitting, and cloning
- semen sexing
14
Q
Changes in ___ and ____ are examples of what the future holds for agriculture?
A
Production and management
15
Q
Improvements in genetic helps the traceability of animal become ____.
A
Nationwide
16
Q
What does the future hold for agriculture?
A
- irradiation of food
- gene mapping
-cloning - genetically modified organisms
17
Q
How can gene mapping help ?
A
- identifying good and bad traits
- Identifying superior products
18
Q
How can cloning animals help?
A
Create disease resistant animals
19
Q
How can genetically modifying organisms help?
A
- Drought and freeze resistance
- Pest resistance
- Chemical resistance
20
Q
Where is genetic modification prevalent in ?
A
In crops
21
Q
What will decrease in the future regarding agriculture?
A
- Decreased productive land available
- Decreased interest in agriculture
22
Q
What will increase in the future regarding agriculture?
A
- Increased accountability of product
- Increased government regulation
- Increased cost of producing products
- Increased animal welfare concern
23
Q
How much has milk production increased by in the last 3 years?
A
7,000 million
24
Q
Where do most food contamination come from?
A
- You
- Cross contamination when cooking
25
Ad Libitum
Allowing animals to eat all they want at all times.
26
Compensatory Growth
Increased growth rate in response to previous undernurishment
27
Calorie
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5 degrees C to 15.5 degrees C
28
Kilocalorie
Equivalent to 1,000 calories
29
Concentrate
A feed that is high in energy, low in fiber content, and highly digestible.
30
T.D.N
Total Digestible Nutrients
-Includes the total amounts of digestible protein, nitrogen-free extract, fiber, and fat (x 2.25) all added together.
Approximates energy content
31
Roughage
Feed that is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy. Feeds such as hay, straw, silage, and pasture are examples.
32
Feeder
Animals which need further feeding prior to slaughter
33
Fill
The contents of the digestive track
34
Carcass Merit
The value of a carcass for consumption
35
Dark Cutter
Color of the lean in the carcass. Has a dark appearance usually caused by stress to the animal prior to slaughter
36
Contemporary Group
Set of animals of same age sex and breed that have been raised under similar environmental and management conditions
37
Breed
Animals having a common origin and characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within a same species
38
Scurs
Small horn-like tissue attached to the skin of polled or de-horned animals
39
Cull
To eliminate feom the breeding population
40
What are some identification systems used ?
- Branding( hot or freeze)
- Ear tagging
- Ear notching
- Tattoo
- Microchip
- Retinal scanning
41
What records should be kept for beef?
- Birth Date
- Sire
- Dam
- Birth Weight
- Weaning weight
- Gain Test Weight
- Yearling Weight
- Yearling scrotal weight
42
Fertility
The capicity to initiate, sustain, and support reproduction
43
Open
Refers to non-pregnant females
44
Haploid
Half the normal number of chromosomes. Found in sperm and Ova.
45
A.I
Artificial Insemination
46
Clone
An individual grown from a single somatic cell of its parents and genetically identical to it
47
Estrus or Heat
The period of mating active
48
Estrus or Heat
The period of mating activity in the females
49
Estrous
An adjective meaning " heat" that modifies such words as " cycle". Estrous cycle, or time from one heat period to the next.
50
Estrus Synchronization
Controlling the estrous cycle so that a high percentage of the females in the herd express estrus at the same time.
51
The gestation period for equine is ____
340 days
52
The gestation period for a Bovine is ___
283 days
53
The gestation period for Porcine is ____
113 days
54
The gestation period for ovine is ____
147 days
55
The gestation period for caprine is____
147 days
56
Dystocia
Difficult birth
57
Anestrous Period
The time when a female is not cycling. She is not experiencing estrus and thereby will not breed .
58
Castration
Removing the testicles
59
Spaying
The removal of the ovaries from the reproductive tract ( most often done in cats and dogs)
60
Colostrum
The first milk given by the female following delivery of her young. Contains high levels of antibodies which are absorbed by the young for quick immunity.
61
Lactation Period
Period that female produces milk
62
Dry
Refers to a non- lactating female( mare, cow, ewe, sow)
63
Weaning
Seperating an offspring animal from its dam( mother)
64
Cattle =
Bovine
65
Male of breeding age for bovine is called
Bull
66
Mature female Bovine is called
Cow
67
An immature female Bovine is called
Heifer
68
A newborn bovine is called
Calf
69
An unsexed male bovine is called
Steer
70
Groups of bovine is called
herds
71
The genus for bovine is
Bos
72
The act of Parturition for Bovine is called
Calving
73
Horse =
Equine
74
The male of breeding age for equine is called
Stallion
75
The mature female for equine is called
Mare
76
A young male in equine is called
Colt
77
A young female in equine is called
Filly
78
A newborn equine is called
Foal
79
The unsexed male in equine is called
Gelding
80
Groups of equine is called
Herd
81
The genus for equine is
Equus
82
The act of parturition for equine is called
Foaling
83
Swine =
Porcine
84
The male of breeding age for porcine is called
Boar
85
The mature female for porcine is called
Sow
86
A young female in porcine is called
Gilt
87
A newborn in porcine is called
Pig
88
A unsexed male in porcine is called
Barrow
89
Groups of porcine is called
Drove
90
The genus for porcine is
Sus
91
The act of parturition for porcine is called
Farrowing
92
Goats =
Caprine
93
The male of breeding age for caprine is called
Billy
94
The mature female for caprine is called
Doe
95
A young male caprine is called
Billy Kid
96
A young female caprine is called
Doe Kid
97
A newborn caprine is called
Kid
98
A unsexed male caprine is called
Wether
99
A group of caprine is called
Band
100
The genus of caprine is
Capra
101
The act of parturition for caprine is called
Kidding
102
Sheep =
Ovine
103
The male breeding age of ovine is called
Ram
104
The mature female for ovine is called
Ewe
105
A young male ovine is called
Ram lamb
106
A young female ovine is called
Ewe Lamb
107
A newborn ovine is called
Lamb
108
An unsexed male ovine is called
Wether
109
A group of ovine is called
Flock
110
The genus for ovine is
Ovis
111
The act of mating for ovine is called
Tupping
112
The act of parturition for ovine is called
Lambing
113
Chicken =
Gallus
114
The male of breeding age for gallus is called
Rooster
115
A mature female gallus is called
Hen
116
A young male gallus is called
Chick
117
A young female gallus is called
Chick
118
A unsexed male gallous is called
Capon
119
A group of gallus is called
Flock
120
The genus of gallus is
Gallus
121
The act of mating for gallus is called
Mating
