Introduction in Research Flashcards
What is the French word of to seek or search?
Cerchier
What does prefix re mean?
Again
What is the general meaning of research?
To search again
To understand what is already known
Find the broader meaning or a better way
Define research
Systematic study or investigation of something for the purpose of answering an inquiry or finding solutions to problems.
(Parel, Treece and Treece)
How is research an iterative process?
Prototype - share - get feedback - refine
The sequence of tasks is executed multiple times (repeated) until the desired result is achieved.
What is the evolution of nursing research?
18th - no record
19th - START: Nursing Education & Administration (Stolley, 2000)
20th - Effectiveness of Care; Health promotion; Disease prevention; New Technologies (Wright, 2019)
21st - Nursing roles - in various disciplines (Watson, 2017)*
22nd - Challenges
Research in the Philippines at 19th century?
19th Century Prior to 1960 Mostly- Nursing Administration (51%), Nursing education (33%) Patient care (13%) Mid 60’s Teaching of research was integrated in nursing curriculum
What is the purpose of research?
- Discover new facts or phenomena.
- Find answers to problems that are partially solved by existing information.
Example: breakthroughs in cancer detection and treatment - Provide a basis for decision-making (business, education, government, etc.)
What is an evidence-based practice?
- Seek to establish the scientific base of nursing (database)
- Allows nurses to implement most up-to-date, research-tested, and high-quality patient care
What is the goal of EBP?
Improve nursing practice
Improve Patient Care
What does clinical expertise include?
- component of EBP
Clinician’s Cumulated
- experience
- education
- clinical skills
What does the best research evidence include?
- component of EBP
- Clinically relevant research
- conducted using sound methodology
What do the patient values and preferences include?
- component of EBP
personal preference
unique concerns
expectations
values
What is basic research
Advancement of knowledge
What is applied research?
Advancement of technology
What are the goals of research?
Research creates new knowledge and technology leading to improve practice and delivery of services, therefore, there is better health
What are the four principles of research?
A. Systematic
B. Rigid Control
C. Objectivity
D. Rigorous Standard
Research is systematic. What does systematic mean?
The process is broken up into clear steps that lead to conclusions.
Research is organized. What does organized mean?
Planned structure or method used to reach the conclusion.
What are the phases of research?
- Conceptual
- Design and planning
- Empirical
- Analysis
Clinical development is a three-phase process.
Phase I: small groups of people receive the trial vaccine.
Phase II: vaccine given to people who have characteristics (such as age and
physical health) similar to those for whom the new vaccine is intended.
Phase III: vaccine is given to thousands of people and tested for efficacy
and safety.
Phasing example
What is objectivity?
- remaining distanced from what is studied, and uninfluenced by emotions and personal prejudices of the researcher.
- Judgement based on observable phenomena
What is the rigorous standard?
Striving for excellence in research. Involves: Adherence to detail Strict accuracy! Uses precise measurement tools (Statistical analysis)
What is rigid control?
Ensure results that reflect true relationship among variables (Example: dose and frequency of treatment)
Example: Control group of test subjects is left untreated in order to provide a standard of comparison to the experimental group.
