Introduction PPT

Question 1

The internal and external elements of a building that is over the substructure

Answer 1

Superstructure

Question 2

Transfers loads of the superstructure to the soil that is underneath

Answer 2

Substructure

Question 3

Is the application of SOIL MECHANICS and GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING in the design of foundation

Answer 3

Foundation engineering

Question 4

A foundation engineer must possess multi-disciplinary knowledge in the following areas

Answer 4

1. Structural Capacity of the substructure
2. Geotechnical Capacity of the soil
3. Construction of foundation

Question 5

The element of a structure which transfer the forces from the superstructure into the ground

Answer 5

Foundation

Question 6

Classifications of foundation

Answer 6

1. Shallow foundation
2. Deep foundation

Question 7

Two essential requirements in the design of foundations

Answer 7

1. Total settlement
2. Differential settlement

Question 8

Shall be limited to a tolerable amount (pagbaba ng lupa)

Answer 8

Total settlement

Question 9

Shall be eliminated as nearly as possible (pagbangking / not uniform)

Answer 9

Differential settlement

Question 10

It interacts with the complex behavior of the soil such as spread footing, combined footing, mat, pile, etc.

Answer 10

Structural Capacity of the substructure

Question 11

Soil engineering properties as the substructure transmit the load into the soil

Answer 11

Geotechnical Capacity of the soil

Question 12

Methodology, workability, and economy of the foundation

Answer 12

Construction of foundation

Question 13

Two components of an engineering structure

Answer 13

1. Superstructure
2. Substructure

Question 14

To limit the settlement, it is necessary to

Answer 14

1. Transmit the load of the structure to a soil stratum of sufficient strength
2. Spread the load over a sufficiently large area of that stratum to minimize bearing pressure

Question 15

If satisfactory soil directly underlies the structure

Answer 15

Shallow foundation

Question 16

Adequate soil is not found immediately below the structure

Answer 16

Deep foundation

Question 17

5 Typical foundation types

Answer 17

1. For buildings
2. For smokestacks, radio and television towers, bridge piers, etc.
3. For ports and marine structures
4. For machinery, turbines, generators, etc.
5. Foundation elements to support open cuts or retain earth masses or bridge abutments (retaining structures)

Question 18

7 General Requirements for foundations

Answer 18

1. Depth must be adequate
2. Depth must be below seasonal volume changes
3. System must be safe against overturning, sliding, or soil rupture
4. System must be safe against corrosion or deterioration
5. System should be adequate to sustain some changes
6. The foundation should be economical in terms of the method of installation
7. Total earth movements and differential movement should be tolerate

Question 19

Structural members used to support columns and walls and transmit their loads to the underlying soils

Answer 19

Footings

Question 20

Material admirably suited for footings and is used as such for both reinforced concrete and structural steel buildings, bridges, towers, and other structures

Answer 20

Reinforced concrete