Introduction to Algorithm, History, and Its Role

Question 1

set of instructions that computers follow to perform calculations or solve problems.

Answer 1

Algorithm

Question 2

The word “algorithm” originated from the name of the Central Asian scientist, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Moussa al-Khwarizmi.

Answer 2

9th Century

Question 3

The word “blank” originated from the name of the Central Asian scientist, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Moussa al-Khwarizmi.

Answer 3

algorithm

Question 4

Scientists began applying algorithms to other mathematical procedures besides just calculations.

Answer 4

1360

Question 5

Around 1360 French philosopher Nicole Oresme wrote a mathematical treatise called “blank”, where he used degrees with fractional exponents, coming close to the idea of logarithms.

Answer 5

Algorismus proportionum

Question 6

Around 1360 Manuals on accounting on lines were called “blank” (rules for accounting on lines).

Answer 6

Algorithmus linealis

Question 7

Gottfried Leibniz, in his work “Nova Methodvs pro maximis et minimis, itemque tangentibus…”, used the word “Algorithmo” to describe a systematic way to solve differential calculus problems.

Answer 7

1684

Question 8

1684: Gottfried Leibniz, in his work “Nova Methodvs pro maximis et minimis, itemque tangentibus…”, used the word “blank” to describe a systematic way to solve differential calculus problems.

Answer 8

Algorithmo

Question 9

The concept of algorithm was precisely defined, allowing for the proof of algorithmic insolvability of many mathematical problems. Alan Turing described a theoretical machine that could solve problems by following coded algorithms.

Answer 9

1936

Question 10

Turing’s paper “Computing machinery and intelligence” explored the relationship between algorithms and intelligent machines.

Answer 10

1950

Question 11

Turing’s paper “blank” explored the relationship between algorithms and intelligent machines.

Answer 11

Computing machinery and intelligence

Question 12

IBM’s Deep Blue machine defeated chess champion Garry Kasparov in a symbolic match between human and artificial intelligence.

Answer 12

1997

Question 13

The US military invested in war robots, creating BigDog, the first robotic animal. Over 2,000 bomb disposal robots were deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Answer 13

2005

Question 14

The US military invested in war robots, creating (blank), the first robotic animal. Over 2,000 bomb disposal robots were deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Answer 14

BigDog

Question 15

Google introduced voice recognition software on iPhones. Since then, Google has introduced numerous improved versions of Go, a programming language.

Answer 15

2008

Question 16

Algorithms receive input data in various formats, like numbers, text, or images.

Answer 16

Input

Question 17

Algorithms process this input data through logical and mathematical operations, transforming it.

Answer 17

Processing

Question 18

Once processed, the algorithm produces an output, which could be a result, a decision, or other meaningful information.

Answer 18

Output

Question 19

Algorithms aim to be efficient, solving tasks quickly with minimal resources.

Answer 19

Efficiency

Question 20

Under efficiency, Algorithm designers continually work to improve their algorithms for speed and reliability.

Answer 20

Optimization

Question 21

Under efficiency, Algorithms are implemented in various programming languages for computers to execute them and produce the desired results.

Answer 21

Implementation

Question 22

Algorithms help understand scalability by breaking down large problems into smaller steps for faster analysis.

Answer 22

Scalability

Question 23

The real world is complex. Algorithms allow us to break down problems into smaller steps, making them more manageable.

Answer 23

Performance

Question 24

A straightforward approach that tries all possible solutions. Suitable for small problems but can become impractical for larger ones due to high time complexity.

Answer 24

Brute force algorithm

Question 25

Breaks a problem into smaller, similar subproblems and repeatedly applies itself until reaching a base case. Effective for tasks with recursive structures.

Answer 25

Recursive algorithm

Question 26

Transforms data into a secure, unreadable form using cryptographic techniques, ensuring confidentiality and privacy.

Answer 26

Encryption algorithm

Question 27

A trial-and-error technique that explores potential solutions by undoing choices when they lead to incorrect outcomes. Used in puzzles and optimization problems.

Answer 27

Backtracking algorithm

Question 28

Finds a specific target within a dataset, enabling efficient information retrieval.

Answer 28

Searching algorithm

Question 29

Arranges elements in a specific order, like numerical or alphabetical, to enhance data organization and retrieval.

Answer 29

Sorting algorithm

Question 30

Converts data into a fixed-size hash value for rapid data access and retrieval.

Answer 30

Hashing algorithm

Question 31

Breaks a complex problem into smaller subproblems, solves them independently, and combines their solutions to address the original problem.

Answer 31

Divide and conquer algorithm

Question 32

Makes locally optimal choices at each step in the hope of finding a global optimum. Useful for optimization problems but may not always lead to the best solution.

Answer 32

Greedy algorithm

Question 33

Stores and reuses intermediate results to avoid redundant computations, enhancing the efficiency of solving complex problems.

Answer 33

Dynamic programming algorithm

Question 34

Utilizes randomness to achieve a solution, often used when an approximate or probabilistic answer is sufficient.

Answer 34

Randomized algorithm

Question 35

Illustrate the general flow of a process and the relationships between components.

Answer 35

Process flow diagrams

Question 36

Visualize how data is processed in an information system from input to output.

Answer 36

Data flow diagrams

Question 37

Illustrate the steps involved to complete a task or execute a process efficiently.

Answer 37

Workflow diagrams

Question 38

Visualize multiple flows of information or categories to clarify roles and responsibilities.

Answer 38

Swimlane flowcharts

Question 39

(Also known as dichotomous keys) make it easy to visualize different paths based on yes/no decisions.

Answer 39

Yes/no flowcharts

Question 40

Used at the start and end points of a flowchart.

Answer 40

Oval

Question 41

Used to show the direction of information flow.

Answer 41

Arrow

Question 42

Used to depict tasks or processes within a flowchart.

Answer 42

Rectangle

Question 43

Used in data flow diagrams to represent input or output.

Answer 43

Parallelogram

Question 44

Used in yes/no flowcharts to represent decisions.

Answer 44

Diamond

Question 45

of commands that must be followed for a computer to perform calculations or other problem-solving operations

Answer 45

Algorithm

Question 46

from the name of the great Central Asian scientist Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Moussa al-Khwarizmi.

Answer 46

Algorithm

Question 47

1360, French philosopher Nicole Oresme wrote a mathematical treatise "blank", in which he first used degrees with fractional exponents and actually came close to the idea of ​​logarithms.

Answer 47

Algorismus proportionum

Question 48

the abacus was replaced by the so-called account on the lines, numerous manuals on it began to be called "blank" - the rules of the account on the lines.

Answer 48

Algorithmus linealis

Question 49

In 1684, Gottfried Leibniz, in the “Nova Methodvs pro maximis et minimis, itemque tangentibus ...,” first used the word "blank" in an even broader sense: as a systematic way to solve the problems of differential calculus.

Answer 49

Algorithmo

Question 50

Types of algorithms

Answer 50

- Brute Force Algorithm - Recursive Algorithm - Encryption Algorithm - Backtracking Algorithm - Searching Algorithm - Sorting Algorithm - Hashing Algorithm - Divide and Conquer Algorithm - Greedy Algorithm - Dynamic Programming Algorithm - Randomized Algorithm

Question 51

Types of flowcharts

Answer 51

- Process Flow Diagrams - Data Flow Diagrams - Workflow Diagrams - Swimlane Flowcharts - Yes/No Flowcharts