Introduction to Anatomy: Patterns

Question 1

Where you need a frictionless surfaces (organs) you need _____ with _____

Answer 1

Where you need a frictionless surfaces (organs) you need serous membeans with internal fascia

• must be in ventral cavity

Question 2

All skeletal muscle is covered in ______

Answer 2

All skeletal muscle is covered in deep investing fascia

• Therefore, if you dont have skeletal muyscle you will not have deep investing fascia
• Deep investing fascia allows mucle to act on a bone (without deep investing fascia, muscle is powerless)

Question 3

Reliable pattern for vessels:

Answer 3

Veins and arteries are best friends and when bound together in fascia (wrapped in same tube) will take the same name

Question 4

Reliable pattern of vessels (only in extremities)

Answer 4

-Venae commitantes: extremities only

• A pairing of vessels
• An artery has two veins on either side of it (will share a name)
• Example: brachial artery surrounded by brachial veins (veins are venae commitante)

Question 5

Veins with unique names are always

Answer 5

Veins “flying solo” all have unique names (will not have artery next to it)

A vein with a unique name means they are found superficial (all veins in superficial fascia have cool names)

S for Superficial and Solo

Question 6

Lymphatic drainage for superficial vs. deep

Answer 6

Lymphatic drainage superficial:

• If you have a fleshy wound (contained in the hypodermis), drainage will either go to
  
  • Armpit: If wound lies above umbilicus
  • Groin: If wound lies below umbilicus

Lymphatic drainage deep:

• Lymphatic flow will return to the venous system in the lymphatic channels that trace the incoming blood supply
  
  • Drainage of right lymphatic duct: Right head + right neck + right arm + right thoracic cavity ⇒ drains to right thoracic lymphatic duct
  • Drainage of thoracic duct: Both lower extremities, pelvis, abdomen, left arm, left head ⇒ drains to left side alone venous jugular region to thoracic duct

Question 7

Peripheral nerves with cool names are ______

Answer 7

Peripheral nerves (away from CNS, not in skull or spinal cord) with cool names are ventral rami (one exception)

• All ventral rami are mixed
  
  • Sensory
    
    • Visceral
  • Motor
    
    • Autonomic
    • Anterior rami provide motor and sensory innervation to the skin, muscles, vasculature, and joints of the trunk and extremities, while the posterior rami innervate intrinsic back muscles, associated vasculature, and overlying skin.

Question 8

Peripheral nerves in extremities:

• More proximal =
• More periphery=

Answer 8

More proximal in extremities: more modalities

• more damage you sustain

More periphy in extremities: more modalities “jumping ship”, only 1 modality left when you get to the tip of hand/foot (usually sensory = very superficial)

• Superficial nerves are almost always sensory (3 exceptions)

No parasympathetic nerve fibers in extremities

Order:

Sensory (superficial)→ Motor:voluntary→Motor: involuntary (deepest)

How body protects you

Question 9

A nerve that needs structures moved out of the way to see it (muscle, organs) or runs with an artery will carry:

Answer 9

A nerve that needs structures moved out of the way to see it (muscle, organs) or runs with an artery will carry motor (body is trying to protect)

Question 10

Anterior rami provide:

Posterior rami provide:

Answer 10

Posterior rami:

• motor innervation to the deep (intrinsic) muscles of the back and associated vasculature (i.e., erector spinae mus- cles)
• cutaneous/sensory innervation to the associated narrow strip of skin on the back.

Anterior rami:

• motor innervation to most other skeletal muscles including limbs and trunk
• sensory innervation to most of the remaining skin except for parts of the head

(anterior rami form plexus’s, posterior rami do not)