Introduction to Biochemistry Flashcards by Nick Tabaldo

The study of chemical substances found in living systems and the chemical interactions of these substances with each other.

Biochemistry

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What is the goal of Biochemistry?

To describe the structure, organization and functions of living matter in molecular terms.

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE
Living systems obey the rules of physical and organic chemistry.

Chemical Unity

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE
Smallest unit capable of all life functions.

Cell

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Smallest unit of an element composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons.

Atom

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Union of two or more atoms of the same or different elements.

Molecule

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
The structural and functional unit of all living things.

Cell

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
A group of cells with a common structure and function.

Tissue

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Composed of tissues functioning together for a specific task.

Organ

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Composed of several organs working together.

Organ System

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
An individual; complex individuals contain organ systems.

Organism

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Organisms of the same species in a particular area.

Population

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Interacting populations in a particular area.

Community

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
A community plus the physical environment.

Ecosystem

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Regions of the Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living things.

Biosphere

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
TRUE or FALSE: All properties are governed by the laws of physics and chemistry.

TRUE

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE
The process by which parents produce offspring.

Reproduction

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | REPRODUCTION
A type of reproduction classified by the development of a zygote after fertilization.

Sexual Reproduction

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | REPRODUCTION
A type of reproduction classified by the development of daughter cells from a singular parent.

Asexual Reproduction

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE
An increase in cell number, size and volume in multi-celled species.

Growth

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CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE
The process by which the first cell of a new individual becomes a multi-celled adult.

Development

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM
Life requires the transfer and transformation of ______ and _____.

Energy and Matter

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM
This is needed to carry out life’s activities.

Energy

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM
Organisms that make their own food using energy and simple raw materials from the environment.

Producers

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM** Organisms that feed on producers and other things that also feed on producers.

Consumers

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE** A consumer that feeds on dead animals/plants and organic material.

Detritivore

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM** Simplest form of energy.

Glucose

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM** A term describing how matter is often being recycled from producer to consumer.

Matter Cycling or Nutrient Cycling

**INTRO TO BIOCHEMISTRY** Domain of cells that has a **true nucleus**.

Domain Eukarya

**INTRO TO BIOCHEMISTRY** A protein that provides structural support for a chromosome.

Histones

**INTRO TO BIOCHEMISTRY** These are comprised of a **phosphate group**, **sugar miety** and a **nitrigenous base** - giving way to DNA & RNA.

Nucleotides

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT** The pattern of growth is controlled by…?

Genes

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM** Plants undergo ______ _______ at night, and 10% of this energy is given to/utilized by the consumer.

Cellular Respiration

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE** Sum of all biochemical processes in a cell.

Metabolism

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS** A molecule or structure that responds to a specific form of stimulation.

Receptor

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS** Directional growth in response to **touch**.

Thigmotropism

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS** Growth responses to light.

Phototropism

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS** Growth responses to gravity.

Gravitroprism

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS** In order to survive, an organism should maintain _________ ______.

Biological Balance

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS** Set of processes by which an organism keeps its internal conditions within tolerable ranges.

Homeostasis

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | MOVEMENT** Part of a cell that allows it to move in a back and forth motion.

Cilia

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | MOVEMENT** Part of a cell that allows it to move in an undulating or snakelike motion.

Flagella

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE** Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments.

Adaptation

Enumerate the first 4 out of 7 Characteristics and Manifestations of Life

- Organization - Reproduction - Growth and Development - Metabolism

Enumerate the last 3 out of 7 Characteristics and Manifestations of Life

- Irritability and Responsiveness - Movement - Adaptation

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM** Primary source of energy for producers.

The Sun ☀️

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS** A bodily process that keeps the body cool when its hot.

Sweating

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS** Bodily response to cold; muscles contract in order to produce heat.

Shivering

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS** This occurs when the body is cold. Vasal constriction leads to -> limited blood flow, leading to -> an increased production of ions and leading to -> frequent urination.

Thinning

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS** What is the constant pH of blood?

7.2 - 7.4

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS** Occurs when acid builds up in the body and the blood has to release a base to help combat it.

Acidosis

**CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS** Occurs when base builds up in the body and the blood has to release acids to help combat it.

Alkalosis