Introduction to Biomechanics

Question 1

What are the three planes of movements

Answer 1

1. Sagittal
2. Frontal
3. Transverse

Question 2

What are the movements performed at the frontal plane

Answer 2

• Elevation
• Depression
• Right side bending
• Left side bending
• Abduction
• Adduction
• Radial deviation
• Ulna deviation

Question 3

What are the movements performed at the sagittal plane

Answer 3

• Plantar flexion
• Dorsi flexion
• Flexion
• Extension
• Protraction
• Retraction

Question 4

What are the movements performed at the transverse plane

Answer 4

• Right rotation
• Left rotation
• Lateral rotation
• Medial rotation
• Upwards rotation
• Downwards rotation
• Circumduction
• Pronation
• Supination

Question 5

What are the movements at the neck joint (8)

Answer 5

• Flexion
• Extension
• Right rotation
• Left rotation
• Right side bending
• Left side bending
• Protraction
• Retraction

Question 6

What are the movements at the shoulder glenohumeral joint (7)

Answer 6

• Flexion
• Extension
• Lateral rotation
• Medial rotation
• Abduction
• Adduction
• Circumduction

Question 7

What are the movements at the shoulder girdle (6)

Answer 7

• Elevation
• Depression
• Protraction
• Retraction
• Upwards rotation
• Downwards rotation

Question 8

What are the movements at the elbow joint (2)

Answer 8

• Flexion
• Extension

Question 9

What are the movements at the radioulnar (2)

Answer 9

• Pronation
• Supination

Question 10

What are the movements at the wrist joint (4)

Answer 10

• Flexion
• Extension
• Radial deviation
• Ulna deviation

Question 11

What are the movements at the hip joint (7)

Answer 11

• Flexion
• Extension
• Adduction
• Abduction
• Medial rotation
• Lateral rotation
• Circumduction

Question 12

What are the movements at the knee joint (4)

Answer 12

• Flexion
• Extension
• Medial rotation
• Lateral rotation

Question 13

What are the movements at the ankle joint (2)

Answer 13

• Plantar flexion
• Dorsi flexion

Question 14

Anatomical position

Answer 14

Standing upright with feet forward and arms by your side with palms foreword and head neutral looking foreword

Question 15

Abduction

Answer 15

Is movement of a joint away from the midline of the body (alien abducting a human- take away)

Question 16

Adduction

Answer 16

Is movement of a joint towards the midline of the body

Question 17

Finger abduction

Answer 17

Spreading fingers

Question 18

Finger adduction

Answer 18

Closing fingers

Question 19

Radial deviation

Answer 19

Moving the joint towards the radius

Question 20

Ulna deviation

Answer 20

Moving the joint towards the ulna

Question 21

Flexion

Answer 21

Is a decrease in the angle between two joints

Question 22

Extension

Answer 22

Is an increase in the angle between two joints

Question 23

Dorsi flexion

Answer 23

Pointing your toes up towards your body

Question 24

Plantar flexion

Answer 24

Pointing your toes downwards (like planting your foot)

Question 25

Medial rotation (internal rotation)

Answer 25

Rotation towards the midline of the axis of rotation

Question 26

Lateral rotation (external rotation)

Answer 26

Rotation away from the midline of the axis of rotation

Question 27

Supination

Answer 27

Flipping hand up (flip your hand like you're asking for a bowl of soup)

Question 28

Pronation

Answer 28

Flipping the hand down (pro footballers putting their hands in a pile)

Question 29

Inversion

Answer 29

Rotate feet outwards (invert your feet)

Question 30

Eversion

Answer 30

Rotate your feet inwards

Question 31

Elevation

Answer 31

Lift shoulders up

Question 32

Depression

Answer 32

Lift shoulders down

Question 33

Protraction

Answer 33

Protrude or stick out a part of the body

Question 34

Retraction

Answer 34

Posteromedial movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall

Question 35

Circumduction

Answer 35

Circular motion

Question 36

Active motion

Answer 36

Which means when the patient is moving the joint through their own effort

Question 37

Passive motion

Answer 37

Which means the motion being done by either your hands or by a machine

Question 38

Resisted motion

Answer 38

Which is some kind of resistance is being placed on that motion

Question 39

Synovial fluid definition

Answer 39

Is a clear, viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints to act as lubricant, shock absorber and a nutrient supply

Question 40

Joint capsule definition

Answer 40

Is a fibrous structure that surrounds and encloses the synovial joint

Question 41

Articular cartilage definition

Answer 41

Is a specialised type of hyaline cartilage that covers the surface of bones within synovial joints that has many special functions such as lubrication, shock absorption, nutrient supply, load transmission and smooth surface for bones to move freely

Question 42

Ligaments definition

Answer 42

Connects bone to bone

Question 43

Tendons definition

Answer 43

Connects muscle to bone

Question 44

Bursae definition

Answer 44

A closed, fluid-filled sac that works as a cushion and gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body

Question 45

Nerve definition

Answer 45

Is a bundle of fibers that transmit electrical impulses between various parts of the body, allowing for communication between the brain, spinal cord, and various organs, tissues, and muscles

Question 46

Skeletal muscle definition

Answer 46

Found throughout the body and functions to contract in response to a stimulus