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Bridge Engineering lec > INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGE ENGINEERING > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGE ENGINEERING Flashcards

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1
Q

a structure built to span physical obstacles such as bodies of water, valleys and roads

A

BRIDGE

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2
Q

PURPOSE of BRIDGE

A

Provide passage over an obstacle

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3
Q

BRIDGE is a KEY element in a TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM for 3 reasons:

A

❖ Controls capacity
❖ Cost per mile is expensive
❖ If bridge fails, transportation system fails

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4
Q

✓ through volume and weight
✓ insufficient carriage width
❖ cause constriction to traffic flow
✓ Strength deficiency
❖ unable to carry heavy loads (i.e. trucks)
❖ Load limits will cause rerouting of truck traffic

A

controls capacity

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5
Q

❖A major investment
✓ Planned carefully for best used of funds
❖Cost is high compared to approach roadways

A

expensive cost per mile

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6
Q

❖ When removed or not repaired/ replaced, the transportation system is restricted of its function

A

if the bridge fails, the transportation system fails

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7
Q

A structural system that is always exposed

A

BRIDGE

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8
Q

❑MAJOR CONCERNS for Design:

A

✓ temperature (thermal effect)
✓ Durability (strength)
✓ Cost (inspection and maintenance)

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9
Q

always subjected to large moving and repetitive loads

A

BRIDGE

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10
Q

_________ is a primary concern
✓ accumulates damage
✓ results in cracking

A

Fatigue

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11
Q

BRIDGE ENGINEERING is A field of (structural) engineering that deals with

A

❑ Surveying
❑ Plan, design, analysis
❑ Construction, management and
❑ Maintenance of bridges

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12
Q

Bridge Engineers MUST ensure that their designs satisfy given design standard, being responsible to ______________________

A

structural safety and serviceability

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13
Q

Civil engineering disciplines involved in BRIDGE ENGINEERING:

A

❑ HIGHWAY DESIGN
❑ STRUCTURAL DESIGN
❑ GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
❑ HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
❑ SURVEYING AND MAPPING

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14
Q

For the overpass and underpass alignment and geometry

A

HIGHWAY DESIGN

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15
Q

For the superstructure and substructure elements

A

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

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16
Q

For pier and abutment foundations

A

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

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17
Q

For proper bridge span length and drainage of bridge site

A

HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

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18
Q

For layout and grading of proposed site

A

SURVEYING AND MAPPING

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19
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE Based on Span Length:

A
  1. Short Span Bridge
  2. Medium Span Bridge
  3. Long Span Bridge
    ** CULVERT BRIDGE
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20
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE based on structural form:

A
  1. ARCH BRIDGE
  2. TRUSS BRIDGE
  3. BEAM/GIRDER BRIDGE
  4. SLAB BRIDGE
  5. SUSPENSION BRIDGE
  6. CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE
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21
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE BASED ON inter-SPAN:

A
  1. SIMPLY SUPPORTED
  2. CONTINUOUS
  3. CANTILEVER
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22
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE BASED ON DECK LOCATION:

A
  1. DECK BRIDGE
  2. THROUGH BRIDGE
  3. HALF THROUGH BRIDGE
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23
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE BASED ON MATERIAL:

A
  1. STONE/MASONRY BRIDGE
  2. TIMBER/ WOODEN BRIDGE
  3. METAL / STEEL BRIDGE
  4. (REINFORCED) CONCRETE BRIDGE
  5. PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGE
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24
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE BASED ON PURPOSE/ USE:

A
  1. HIGHWAY
  2. RAILROAD
  3. PEDESTRIAN
  4. PIPELINE
  5. Aqueducts
  6. And more
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25
CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE BASED ON POSITION:
1. BASCULE 2. SWING 3. LIFT
26
CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE BASED ON GEOMETRY:
1. STRAIGHT 2. SKEWED 3. CURVED
27
▪ Bridges whose end supports spans up to no more than 30 m ▪ Slab bridges, prestressed concrete shapes and steel shapes
Short Span Bridge(or minor bridge)
28
▪ bridges that has lengths from 30 m to 120 meters ▪ girder bridges( pre-stressed and steel)
medium Span Bridge (or major bridge)
29
▪ cable stayed and suspension bridges ▪ post tensioned concrete and steel bridge with high strength materials
LONG Span Bridge
30
Span length is below 6 - 8 meters
CULVERT Bridge
31
Allow passage OVER an obstacle such as a body of water Provided for passage of traffic Has a base over which traffic can pass
BRIDGE
32
Permit a body of water to pass UNDER an obstacle such as road Provided for the ‘benefit’ of the water Has a base over which water flows
CULVERT
33
❖ A bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch ❖ Transfer weight of the bridge and its loads primarily into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side
ARCH BRIDGE
34
ARCH BRIDGE: ❖ ______ are the primary force resisting elements ❖ Arches resist forces through ________ ❖ ______ is a major consideration
Arches compression Thrust
35
❖ Weight on top of the beam pushes straight down on the abutments at either end of the bridge ❖ Weight is applied at either end to counteract bending at center ❖ Beam must be strong in both compression and tension to resist twisting and bender under load ❖ Usual span is 250 feet maximum
BEAM BRIDGE
36
TYPES OF GIRDER BRIDGES
❖ PRE – STRESSED CONCRETE GIRDER ❖ STEEL GIRDER
37
BEAM BRIDGE: ❖ ______ are the primary force resisting elements ❖ Forces are resisted through ______
Girders bending
38
Simplest type and least expensive structures that can be for small spans up to 12 m
SLAB BRIDGE
39
❑ Are kept strong by the stiffness of the structure ❑ All beams/members work together to spread out the load
TRUSS BRIDGE
40
TRUSS BRIDGE ❖ Used for larger spans where the depths of a girder bridge is not practical due to limitations of:
(1) fabrication; (2) erection and (3) transportation; 4) economy in case of concrete girders
41
TRUSS BRIDGE: ❖ _____ are the primary force resisting elements ❖ Forces are resisted through _________________
Rods tension and compression
42
❖ Allows the longest span for bridges ❖ The bed of bridge can be continuous and is held up by cables stretched between piers ❖ the load-bearing portion is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders
SUSPENSION BRIDGE
43
cables are rigid and directly connected to the bridge deck
cable stayed
44
hang vertically off another cable supported by piers
suspension bridge
45
SUSPENSION BRIDGE: ❖ ______ are the primary force resisting elements ❖ Forces are primarily transmitted through ____
Cables tension
46
❖consists of one or more columns (towers or pylons), with cables supporting the bridge deck
CABLE - STAYED
47
Two types of design of CABLE - STAYED
❖HARP DESIGN ❖FAN DESIGN
48
cables are made nearly parallel by attaching them to various points on the tower
HARP DESIGN
49
cables all connect to or pass over the top of the tower
FAN DESIGN
50
❖ are used when the width of gap is small and only single span of bridge is needed ❖ suitable for short span bridges
SIMPLY SUPPORTED BRIDGE
51
❖ Used when width of gap is quite large and where there is no chance of uneven settlements ❖ Moments are generally developed at pier supports resulting to reduction of stress at inner spans
CONTINUOUS SUPPORTED BRIDGE
52
TYPES OF CANTILEVER BRIDGE
❖ Simple cantilever ❖ Balanced cantilever
53
❖ Formed by two cantilever arms ❖ Extends from opposite sides of the obstacle to be crossed ❖ Meets at the center
Simple cantilever
54
Cantilever spans counterbalance each cantilever arm with another cantilever arm projecting the opposite direction
Balanced cantilever
55
- floor is situated on top of the flange in case of plate girder bridges - floor is on the top chord in case of truss bridge - top bracing is not required
Deck Bridge
56
- floor is placed at the level of lower chord of truss type bridge and on the top chord is braced laterally - flooring is provided at the bottom of the superstructure
Through Bridge
57
- floor lies between top and bottom - there also double deck bridges constructed to carry traffic on both roadways and railways at same time - the flooring is located at intermediate level in the superstructure
Half through type bridge
58
- Bridges constructed for short spans - Not sufficient for heavy loading - Designed for pedestrians and low weight transport
WOOD/ TIMBER BRIDGE
59
- stones and bricks are used as construction materials - durable compared to timber bridge - suitable for shorter spans
MASONRY BRIDGE
60
- Uses steel bars or trusses or steel cables - More durable and bear heavy loads
STEEL BRIDGE
61
- Reinforce concrete is used as construction material - More stable and durable - Suitable for long span and heavily loaded traffic - Generally used for constructing fly-over and highway bridge
REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE
62
- Suitable for short to long span bridges - Has heavy load carrying capacity - Requires high tensile steel which is more expensive than ordinary mild steel
PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGE
63
❖designed to move out of the way of boats or other kinds of traffic ❖powered by electric motors, whether operating winches, gearing, or hydraulic pistons
MOVEABLE BRIDGE
64
3 types of movable bridge
(a)Bascule (b)Swing (c)lift
65
❖OR FOOT BRIDGE ❖ designed for the use of pedestrians only “stairway to heaven” EDSA footbridge
PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE
66
❖Used for the movement of trains ❖Steel bridges are widely used
RAILWAY BRIDGE
67
❖designed for passage of highway vehicles and pedestrians ❖Designed for heavy rolling loads up to 0.8MN
HIGHWAY BRIDGE
68
❖Used for supporting pipeline on the deck slab of bridge ❖Used for oil, gas, water, communication etc.
PIPELINE BRIDGE
69
❖Or water bridges ❖are bridges constructed to convey watercourses across gaps
AQUEDUCT

Bridge Engineering lec (7 decks)

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