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Immunology > Introduction to Cells of the Immune System and Antigen Binding Molecules > Flashcards

Introduction to Cells of the Immune System and Antigen Binding Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of white blood cells?

A

basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes

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2
Q

What white blood cells are granulocytes?

A

basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils

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3
Q

What do basophils play a role in?

A

allergy response and resistance to parasites

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4
Q

What percentage of WBC in circulation are basophils?

A

<0.5 %

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5
Q

How long do basophils live?

A

100 days

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6
Q

Where are eosinophils mostly found?

A

under epithelial surfaces

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7
Q

Where do eosinophils spend most of their lives?

A

in tissues

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8
Q

What is the half-life of eosinophils?

A

30 minutes

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9
Q

What percentage of WBC in circulation are eosinophils?

A

1-3%

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10
Q

What are eosinophils important for?

A

extracellular paraside control

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11
Q

What is the structure of monocytes?

A

mononuclear

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12
Q

What happens when monocytes migrate into tissues?

A

they turn into macrophages

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13
Q

How long do monocytes circulate for?

A

1-2 days

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14
Q

What percentage of WBC in circulation are monocytes?

A

3-7%

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15
Q

What is the function of monocytes?

A

phagocytosis and killing of bacteria, presentation of antigen MHC 2, and secretion of cytokines

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16
Q

What are neutrophils important for?

A

rapid response to bacterial infection

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17
Q

How long are neutrophils in circulation?

A

8-10 hours

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18
Q

What percentage of WBC in circulation are neutrophils?

A

55-90%

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19
Q

What is neutropenia?

A

lower than normal numbers of neutrophils in the blood steam and can be seen in animals with viral infections

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20
Q

What is the structure of lymphocytes?

A

mononuclear

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21
Q

What are lymphocytes made up of?

A

B cells, Tcells, and NK cells

22
Q

Where do lymphocytes go after they leave the blood stream?

A

into lymph tissues

23
Q

How long do B and T cells circulate?

A

for about 4 months

24
Q

Where do T cells go to to mature?

A

the thymus

25
Q

Where do b cells mature?

A

in bone marrow

26
Q

Where are all WBC made?

A

in bone marrow

27
Q

Where are mast cells made and where do they mature?

A

they are made in bone marrow and mature in tissues

28
Q

What are mast cells important for?

A

responding to parasites and allergies

29
Q

What type of cell is a mast cell?

A

a sentinel cell

30
Q

Where do dendritic cells originate?

A

bone marrow

31
Q

Where do dendritic cells mature?

A

in tissues

32
Q

What are dendritic cells (function)?

A

sentinel cells and antigen presenting cells

33
Q

What are endothelial cells?

A

cells that line the blood vessels and lymphatics

34
Q

What is special about the structure of endothelial cells?

A

they have adhesion molecules called addressins

35
Q

What do addressin molecules do?

A

they allow circulating leukocytes to know where they are in the body and allow them to enter into tissues

36
Q

When are endothelial cells upregulated?

A

in the sign of danger

37
Q

What are the primary lymphoid tissues for T cells?

A

the thymus

38
Q

What are the primary lymphoid tissues for B cells?

A

In birds – bursa of Fabricius
Primates, rabbits, rodents – bone marrow
Ruminants, pigs and dogs – peyers patches

39
Q

What are secondary lymphoid tissues?

A

lymph nodes, spleen, and MALT

40
Q

Where are lymphocytes located in the highest concentration in the body?

A

lymph nodes

41
Q

What percentage of T cells are in peripheral blood?

A

75% of cells

42
Q

What percentage of B cells are in peripheral blood?

A

15-20%

43
Q

What does a B cell use to recognize an antigen?

A

b-cell receptor

44
Q

What type of antigen does the b-cell receptor recognize?

A

intact unprocessed antigen

45
Q

What does a T cell use to recognize an antigen?

A

major histocompatibility complex via t-cell receptor

46
Q

What type of antigen does the t-cell receptor recgnize on helper t cells?

A

peptide antigen on MHC II

47
Q

What type of antigen does the t-cell receptor recgnize on cytotoxic t cells?

A

peptide antigen on MHC I

48
Q

What is the CD3 molecule important for?

A

CD3 transduction

49
Q

What are the types of effector lymphoctes?

A

B-cells, helper t cells, and cytotoxic t cells

50
Q

What do b-cells do?

A

secrete antibody

51
Q

What do helper t cells do?

A

secrete cytokines that influence the immune response

52
Q

What do cytotoxic t cells do?

A

kill cells

Immunology (22 decks)

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