Introduction to Child Therapy--Ryst

Question 1

What are some positive factors to include in child therapy?

Answer 1

Alliance (relationship). You're on the same team!!!
Empathy
Acceptance (Non-judgmental)
Boundaries
Confidentiality
Special issues in Kids:
PLAYFULNESS!!!
CREATIVITY
FAMILY

Question 2

What are some different types of child therapy?

Answer 2

Parent Training--Collaborative Problem Solving
Behavior Therapy
Cognitive Therapy---Trauma-Focused CBT
Psychodynamic Therapy
Family Systems Therapy

Question 3

What is parent training?

Answer 3

helping parents explore new strategies
behavior monitoring
reinforcement
effective use of time out
teaching parents how to play

Question 4

HOw do we traditionally view explosive child behavior? HOw should we reframe this?

Answer 4

traditionally: viewed as inept parenting
reframe: childhood development issue, learning disability

Question 5

What are 6 categories of deficits that can lead to child’s explosive behavior?

Answer 5

Executive Skills
Language Processing Skills
Emotion Regulation Skills
Cognitive Flexibility Skills
Social Skills
Sensory/Motor Skills

Question 6

What is the definition of a melt down?

Answer 6

Happens when the cognitive demands being placed on a person outstrips his/her capacity to respond adaptively.

Question 7

What is collaborative problem solving?

Answer 7

a form of parent training
helps explosive children w/ the skills they lack
3 goals:

Reduce explosive outbursts (stabilize)
Pursue adult expectations
Teach lacking skills (flexibility and frustration tolerance.)

Question 8

What are the 3 baskets/options for collaborative problem solving?

Answer 8

Basket A: Impose adult will (safety)
Basket B: Collaborative Problem Solving (work it out)
Basket C: Drop it (for now, at least) to prevent melt-downs.

Question 9

How do you enter into basket B–collaborative problem solving?

Answer 9

1) Empathy (+ Reassurance)
2) Define the Problem
3) Invitation

Question 10

What is the basis of cognitive behavioral therapy?

Answer 10

based on social learning therapy–environment, disposition, situation all determine each other
blends techniques of operant & classical conditioning

Question 11

What are the 5 elements involved in psychological difficulties, where do we intervene w/ CBT?

Answer 11

Cognition**
Behavior**
Emotional Functioning
Interpersonal Context
Environmental Context

Question 12

T/F How children interpret their experiences shapes their emotional functioning, they form schemata to interpret events.

Answer 12

True.

Question 13

What are cognitive products?

Answer 13

stream of consciousness

automatic thoughts–someone is rude—they don’t like me, rather than they are having a bad day.

Question 14

Cognitive operations include distortions–what are these?

Answer 14

transform incoming info through assimilation to maintain homeostasis so cognitive schemata stay intact.

Question 15

What are cognitive schemata?

Answer 15

represent core meaning structures that direct attention encoding & recall
drive cognitive products
reflect basic beliefs
latent until activated by stress
vulnerability present
develops early in life & is reinforced over time.

Question 16

What is the cognitive triad of depression?

Answer 16

Explain unfavorable events through self critical view
Have a negative view of experiences/other people
Have a pessimistic view of the future
Bad schemata to have…

Question 17

What is the specific schemata of anxiety?

Answer 17

Catastrophizing and predictions of future danger common

Question 18

What are the differences in CBT b/w adults & children?

Answer 18

child don't request treatment
child require a more playful approach
think about reinforcement & coping
include parents
take developmental level into account

Question 19

What CBT strategy might you use w/ a young child? Adolescent?

Answer 19

Young Child: self instruction, behavioral techniques

Adolescent: rational analysis

Question 20

Discuss the basic CBT treatment strategy.

Answer 20

1. Define the problem. Teach the child to recognize, label, and self monitor physiologic & emotional cues.
2. Teach relaxation skills.
3. Cognitive restructuring.
   - -identify self talk, replace maladaptive cognitions, attribute to re-training
4. Problem Solving Practice
5. Contingent Reinforcement-child evaluates their own behavior
6. Modeling
7. Role playing

Question 21

What is involved in problem solving practice?

Answer 21

Describe the problem and major goals
Generate alternative solutions
Weigh each alternative- pros/cons
Evaluate the degree of success of the outcome

Question 22

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 22

pavlov’s dog
pair a natural response w/ another thing.
hear the bell, think there’s meat & salivate.
Based off of results.

Question 23

What are the 3 things that CBT evaluates?

Answer 23

Automatic Thoughts
Core Schemata
Cognitive Distortions

Question 24

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 24

focuses on things that happen before the behavior & things that happen after the behavior

Question 25

Breakdown the main behavioral variables.

Answer 25

``` Antecedents Behavior Consequences --positive reinforcement --negative reinforcement --punishment --schedules of reinforcement ```

Question 26

What is psychodynamic play therapy?

Answer 26

Occurs within an accepting, noncoercive environment dedicated to an empathic appreciation of the child’s internal experience, while maintaining a reliable and safe setting.

Question 27

What are some techniques involved in psychodynamic play therapy?

Answer 27

Techniques: Development of a therapeutic alliance Providing a holding environment Development of a narrative Integration of affect within the narrative Construction of Meaning within the relationship Analysis of defense Clarification and interpretation of the transference Tolerance of powerful affects

Question 28

What is family systems therapy?

Answer 28

Theoretical perspective that views the individual as inseparable from their family context. Family systems, like all systems, tend towards homeostasis. That means that change in one individual will have effects throughout the system, and the system will resist that change. Techniques: Re-framing, externalizing the problem, “prescribing the problem”.