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Block 8; Week 3 > Neuropsychological Approaches to Disorders of Learning & Attention-Crawford > Flashcards

Neuropsychological Approaches to Disorders of Learning & Attention-Crawford Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is involved in a neuropsychological assessment?

A 
review of records & forms
parent meeting
school observation
3 2hr testing sessions
parent feedback meeting
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2
Q

What are the procedures of assessment?

A 
rating scales
observation
intellectual assessment (IQ)
Academic Testing
Neuropsycholoigcal testing
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3
Q

What are the things involved in neuropsychological testing?

A

testing of memory, attention, social cognition, executive function, visuospatial, motor, language, emotional functioning

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4
Q

What do you measure in an intelligence test?

A 
abstract thought
reasoning
problem solving
acquired knowledge
communication skills
IQ score
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5
Q

What are some common IQ tests?

A

Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WAIS-V(adult), WISC-V(child), WPPSI-IV(preschool))
Differential Abilities Scale (DAS-II)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB5)
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC)

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6
Q

What is an average IQ score?

A

90-110

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7
Q

What are the subtests of the WISC-V Model?

A

Verbal Component: similarities, vocab
Visual Spatial: block design, visual puzzles
Fluid Reasoning: matrix reasoning, figure weights
Working Memory: digit span, picture, span
Processing Speed: symbol search, coding

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8
Q

How must the IQ measuring instruments be calibrated?

A

for the individual’s sociocultural background & native language

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9
Q

What can make a full scale IQ invalid?

A

highly discrepant index or subtest scores

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10
Q

What types of neurodevelopment disorders can affect performance?

A

attention
language
motor
sensory functioning

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11
Q

Which factors affect IQ scores?

A 
emotional state
personality traits
physical state
motivation/effort
testing environment
skill of the examiner
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12
Q

Which IQ score qualifies you for a diagnosis of gifted? Intellectual disability?

A

Gifted: over 130

Intellectual Disability: Less than 70

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13
Q

T/F Reading, Writing, & Math are on the IQ test.

A

False.

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14
Q

How correlated is an infant’s IQ at an age less than 5 with their adult IQ?

A

virtually unrelated

after age 5, correlated w/i 7 points

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15
Q

T/F IQ is heritable.

A

True. 75% of the deal

Somehow this increases heritability correlation increases with age.

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16
Q

What is the general ability index?

A

WISC-V model w/o working memory & processing speed. Measures how the kid’s overall reasoning ability is…takes out cognitive efficiency. Depression, sleep deprivation etc can affect cognitive efficiency.

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17
Q

What is an intellectual disability?

A

Deficit in general intellectual ability & impairment in everyday adaptive functioning (i.e., social, practical, conceptual) in comparison to peers
**clinical assessment, standardized testing of intellectual ability
1% of pop.

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18
Q

What difference is considered significant b/w subtests in IQ test?

A

15 point difference, an entire standard deviation. Make sure to report subtests separately.
7 pt difference probably natural, normal.

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19
Q

What is the criteria for intellectual disability according to the DSM 5?

A

3 criteria must be met

  1. deficits in intellectual function: confirmed by clinical assessment & IQ (2 sd below mean)
  2. deficits in adaptive functioning-daily living skills across multiple settings
  3. onset during developmental period
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20
Q

What is the Flynn effect?

A

overtime IQ scores go up in a population

perhaps better nutrition

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21
Q

What are learning disorders?

A

difficulty w/ learning & academic skills that isn’t due to intellectual ability
brain’s ability to perceive or process verbal or nonverbal info efficiently & accurately

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22
Q

What is the prevalence of a learning disorder? Gender?

A

5-15%
more common in males
Note: usu don’t occur in isolation.

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23
Q

What are the criteria for diagnosing a learning disorder, according to the DSM5?

A

at least one of the following for at least 6 mo

Inaccurate or slow & effortful word reading
Difficulty understanding what is read
Difficulty with spelling
Difficulty with written expression
Difficulty with mastering number sense, number facts, calculations and/or mathematical reasoning

  • *significant academic impairment
  • *begin during school age
  • *no other explanation
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24
Q

What age can you start using the WISC for?

25
Now, there is a movement towards what standard of diagnosis of a reading disorder?
observe the child's response to intervention (Research-based intervention, RTI)
26
Can a person discover that they have a learning disorder later on in life?
YEs! even in med school or grad school, their coping mechanisms can't compensate for the severity of their disorder
27
If a child has a seizure problem & can't learn well...do they have a learning disorder?
NO, they have a seizure disorder that impairs learning.
28
What is the definition of learning disorders according to schools, IDEIA?
disorder in basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, that impairs function. child doesn't make sufficient progress in meeting grade level standards when using RTI OR Child exhibits a pattern of strengths and weaknesses in performance, achievement, or both, relative to age, grade-level standards, or intellectual development
29
What is RTI?
goal: eliminate academic problems, don't over identify kids w/ learning disorders. Let's provide them with better instruction before a diagnosis is made. multi-tiered instructional approach focuses on problems first & then start increasingly intense interventions to students who don't respond
30
What is the problem w/ RTI?
takes too long! | kids go too long w/o significant enough help
31
Describe the 3 Tier system of RTI.
Tier 1: most kids regular learning setting Tier 2: 15% of kids targeted group interventions, small pull out group, rapid response Tier 3: 5% intensive individual interventions in normal classroom. If Tier 3 is insufficient, may be diagnosed w/ learning disorder & may be put in special ed classroom.
32
What is specific reading disorder, dyslexia?
most common learning disorder deficit in phonological processing (ability to process info related to sound structures of language) affects reading fluency & spelling
33
T/F Dyslexia is a vision based therapy & can be assisted with vision therapy.
False. Not vision based. Based on phonological processing. Vision therapy is unhelpful.
34
What is the intervention for dyslexia?
intensive reading remediation that incorporates semantic phonics-based instruction improve reading fluency thru guided oral repetition & speed drills & sight word list practice
35
Visual memory is impaired w/ dyslexia?
yes
36
What are accommodations that are made for dyslexia?
``` Extended time testing Relaxed grading for spelling errors Not required to read out loud or write on board Assistive Technologies Foreign language waiver Use of spell checkers & calculators Help with tasks that require rote memorization Reduced course load ```
37
What is specific math disorder, dyscalculia?
poor math achievement, usu have other learning disorder or ADHD try to improve numerical concepts, math remediation
38
Is dyslexia common?
yes, 9% of pop.
39
What are executive functions?
A set of cognitive abilities that control and regulate other abilities and behaviors. Include the ability to initiate and stop actions (e.g., impulse control), to monitor and change behavior as needed, regulate attention and emotions, organize materials and information, as well as to plan future behavior when faced with novel tasks and situations. Executive functions allow us to anticipate outcomes and adapt to changing situations.
40
Deficits in executive functions are observed in a number of neurodevelopment disorders, including ____.
ADHD
41
What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
persistent pattern of inattention or hyperactivity or impulsivity
42
What is the prevalence & heritability of ADHD?
5% of children more prevalent in males highly heritable (0.8)
43
Prenatal exposure to which things could cause ADHD?
drugs alcohol nicotine toxins
44
Which comorbid conditions are associated w/ ADHD?
``` depression anxiety learning disorder autism disruptive behavior disorders ```
45
According to DSM5, what are the 2 domains of ADHD?
Inattention | Hyperactivity-Impulsivity
46
What are the 3 subtypes of ADHD?
combined predominantly inattentive predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
47
When must the symptoms arise for a diagnosis of ADHD? How many settings must you observe the symptoms?
2 or more settings | onset before age 12
48
T/F A child with difficulties maintaing attention must have ADHD.
False. Many disorders include inattention
49
Aside from ADHD, what other disorders could cause inattention?
``` Anxiety Depression Learning Disabilities Language Disorder Medical diagnoses Substance use Attachment Disorder PTSD Autism Giftedness Bipolar Disorder ```
50
What is the difference b/w ADD & ADHD?
NOw, all called ADHD. Subtype could be predominantly inattentive
51
What is the most heritable neurodevelopment disorder?
autism | second most: ADHD
52
What were the results of the multimodal treatment study of children w/ ADHD?
* *combined treatment (meds & behavior) & meds alone were better than parent training or community care * *combined treatment is better than meds alone for anxiety, academics, social skills, relationships * *first line: meds * *optimal: meds + behavior
53
T/F Kids in combined treatment group take more meds than those in meds alone group.
False. Less meds.
54
T/F Stimulants can be helpful for inattention in kids even if they don't have ADHD.
True! Contributes to why the diagnosis of ADHD Is so difficult
55
What are some of the stimulant medications used for ADHD?
Ritalin=dopamine reuptake inhibitor
56
What is a non-stimulant medication for ADHD?
Strattera=NE reuptake inhibitor | **doesn't work right away, must titrate off, not as effective as stimulants
57
What are some behavior classroom interventions that are helpful for ADHD patients?
increased structure | help w/ organization & time management
58
What is luminosity?
working memory training | **also cogmed

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