Introduction to Color Vision and Stereo

Question 1

Who discovered spectrum (light through a prism breaks or refracts into colors)? In what year?

Answer 1

Sir Isaac Newton in 1666.

Question 2

How many fundamental colors are there? What colors are they?

Answer 2

7. ROY G BIV.

Question 3

Perception of color depends on what?

Answer 3

The wavelength of light.

Question 4

True or False: Light change produces color perception change.

Answer 4

False. Wavelength change produces color perception change.

Question 5

How many photo-pigments are in the human retina?

Answer 5

3. Short, Medium, and Large wavelength light. (Blue, Green, Red).

Question 6

Who discovered the Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision? In what year?

Answer 6

Thomas Young in 1802

Question 7

What type of color vision deficiency is monochromat?

Answer 7

Only one pigment in the retina instead of three.

Question 8

Loss of specific information is known as what?

Answer 8

Univariance.

Question 9

True or False: In monochromat,, once wavelength is absorbed, the information regarding its wavelength is shown as a color.

Answer 9

False. Information is lost.

Question 10

How many photo pigments are in the retina for a dichromat?

Answer 10

2.

Question 11

True or False: The univariance theory for dichromat applies, and you get two apparently different stimuli known as metamers.

Answer 11

False. Apparently identical, but physically different stimuli.

Question 12

What percentage of the population has a hereditary color vision deficiency?

Answer 12

4.5%.

Question 13

Does color vision deficiency affect activities at school or work?

Answer 13

Yes.

Question 14

True or False: Red-blue deficiency is more common in males?

Answer 14

False. Red-green.

Question 15

What is the prevalence of color vision in males and females?

Answer 15

8% males, 0.40% females.

Question 16

True or False: Loss of color vision may be acquired at any age due to any disease of the optic nerve or optic tract.

Answer 16

True.

Question 17

What are three things that can occur due to pathologies affecting color vision?

Answer 17

Optic neuritis, glaucoma, tumors.

Question 18

True or false: In Kollner’s Law, lesions of the inner layers of the retina cause a yellow-blue color vision defect.

Answer 18

False. Outer layer.

Question 19

True or false: In Kollner’s Law, lesions of the outer layers of the retina and optic nerve cause a red-green color vision defect.

Answer 19

False. Inner layer.

Question 20

What are some characteristics of acquired color vision loss?

Answer 20

Usually unilateral, recent history of color naming errors, changed over time, is difficult to classify using color vision tests.

Question 21

What are three ways color vision screening can be done?

Answer 21

Pseudoisochromatic Plate Test, Ishihara Test, and HRR Color Vision Test.

Question 22

True or False: In PPO 1, color vision screening technique that will be used is Psudoisochromatic Plate Test.

Answer 22

False. HRR Color Vision Test.

Question 23

Why is HRR a better color vision screening technique than the other two?

Answer 23

Good for illiterate patients, better clinical diagnosis of color defect, designed under standardized illumination (standard illuminant C).

Question 24

Is HRR done monocularly or binocularly in a screening environment?

Answer 24

Binocularly.

Question 25

How far from the patient should the HRR test be done?

Answer 25

70 cm.

Question 26

True or False: Passing HRR is 3 or more correct on plates 1 through 4.

Answer 26

False. PLates 7 through 10.

Question 27

Are these considered to be limitation of color vision screening? Non-optimum illumination, limited attention span of children, shyness, fear, poor cooperation, child afraid to guess.

Answer 27

Yes.

Question 28

True or False: During color vision screening, pathology and hereditary related defects are at interest.

Answer 28

False. Only looking for congenital/hereditary defects; not pathology related defects.

Question 29

True or False: Screen patients with the most frequently encountered problems.

Answer 29

True.

Question 30

Which plates are considered demonstration plates and which are considered as the actually testing plates?

Answer 30

Plates 1 through 4 are demonstration plates while plates 7-10 are testing plates.

Question 31

What is considered passing and referring?

Answer 31

3 or more correct for plates 7 through 10. Anything less than 3 is referred.

Question 32

True or False: Color vision screening is done one eye at a time.

Answer 32

False. Both eyes screened together.

Question 33

The binocular visual perception of three dimensional space based on retinal disparity is called what?

Answer 33

Stereopsis.

Question 34

When does retinal disparity occur?

Answer 34

The eyes are set slightly horizontally different in the skull, about 65 mm apart.

Question 35

True or False: Depth perception can't occur without binocular vision.

Answer 35

False. Can occur without binocular vision.

Question 36

What does the brain use to aid in depth perception?

Answer 36

Monocular cues.

Question 37

how many monocular cues are used to aid in depth perception?

Answer 37

7.

Question 38

What monocular cue is when small retinal images are further away? (Like an images further back in the page seems smaller).

Answer 38

Apparent Size.

Question 39

What monocular cue is when nearer images conceal further away images? (A shape on top of shape on top of another shape).

Answer 39

Interposition.

Question 40

What monocular cue is when water, vapor, dust make distance objects indistinct and relatively color desaturated? (Looking at the mountains from far away).

Answer 40

Clarity.

Question 41

What monocular cue is when light falling on an object creates a shadow; the shadow is interpreted as falling behind the object; brighter objects are closer? (Like a cracker and it shadow).

Answer 41

Shading.

Question 42

What monocular cue is when physically parallel lines converge to a vanishing point at the horizon? (Like train tracks).

Answer 42

Geometric Perspective.

Question 43

What monocular cue is when velocity of a distant target appears slower than the target moving at same velocity at near? (Difference between a tiger running at distance and at near).

Answer 43

Relative Velocity.

Question 44

What monocular cue is when head movements make near objets appear to move in the opposite direction, whereas distant objects seem to move in the same direction? (Like place one finger in front of the other and tilting your head).

Answer 44

Motion Parallax.

Question 45

Which two monocular cues are known as kinetic cues?

Answer 45

Relative velocity and motion parallax.

Question 46

Is apparent size known as static cue or kinetic cue?

Answer 46

Static cue.

Question 47

Is interposition known as static cue or kinetic cue?

Answer 47

Static cue.

Question 48

Is clarity known as static cue or kinetic cue?

Answer 48

Static cue.

Question 49

Is shading known as static cue or kinetic cue?

Answer 49

Static cue.

Question 50

Is geometric perspective known as static cue or kinetic cue?

Answer 50

Static cue.

Question 51

Is relative velocity known as static cue or kinetic cue?

Answer 51

Kinetic cue.

Question 52

Is motion parallax known as static cue or kinetic cue?

Answer 52

Kinetic cue.

Question 53

Random Dot Stimuli was created in what year?

Answer 53

1960.

Question 54

True or False: For the Random Dot Stimuli, dots are shifted slighting to provide a disparate cue at the neocortex.

Answer 54

False. Striate cortex lamina.

Question 55

Does shape emerge in Random Dot Stimuli test? What type of stereo is Random Dot Stimuli testing for?

Answer 55

Yes; Gross.

Question 56

What stereo card should be used at a distance of 50 cm for the Random Dot Stimuli Test?

Answer 56

504" stereo.

Question 57

What stereo card should be used at a distance of 100 cm for the Random Dot Stimuli Test?

Answer 57

252" stereo.

Question 58

True or False: Random Dot Stimuli Test is a quick test to help identify students with strabismus or amblyopia that were previously missed with other testings.

Answer 58

True.

Question 59

Stereo Testing is completed at what distance from the patient?

Answer 59

50 cm.

Question 60

Out of 4 tries, what is considered passing during a Stereo Testing?

Answer 60

3 or more out of 4 is considered passing.