Introduction to Community, Population, Public, and Global Health Flashcards
public health
A field of study that focuses on improving and protecting the health of a population through health promotion and disease prevention.
community health
A field of study on improving the health of a group, usually within a specific geographic area, like a neighborhood.
population health
A field of study that focuses on the health needs of a specific group of people.
community
A collective group of people who identify as living in the same geographically defined area or as having the same culture, religious beliefs, ethnicity, health issues, or socioeconomic circumstances.
Public health is described as
Public health is rooted in
the science that focuses on the health and function of society at large by promoting healthy lifestyles, measuring disease, and preventing injuries.
science.
Which of the following disciplines describes a nurse who is focused on a specific group of people and their barriers to health care resources?
A. Community health
B Population health
C Public health
D Global health
B Population health
EQUITY
A principle in which everyone is treated fairly.
SYSTEMIC BARRIERS
Practice, policy, or decision-making obstacles in organizations that discriminate by screening individuals so they are prevented from participation.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
The study of health conditions, their origins, patterns of distribution, and effects in populations.
ecological model of community health nursing shows
These factors are
how various internal and external factors affect healthy behavior on multiple levels of society.
internal (beliefs);
interpersonal (interactions with others);
institutional (rules and regulations of an organization);
community-related (social norms);
and public policy (laws and policies by the government on any level).
Stages of Change Model (Transtheoretical Model)
PCPAMT
Precontemplative (not seeing a need to change)
Contemplative (seeing the need for change but blocked by barriers to adopt change)
Preparation (creating a plan to change)
Action (implementing the plan to change)
Maintenance (implementing and maintaining the plan for change)
Termination (the healthy behavior is ingrained without thoughts of reverting to previous behavior)
During the maintenance stage
individual may go back to the old behavior when under stress or in conflict
The I PREPARE mnemonic helps nurses and other providers focus on the environmental factors when completing an assessment
I – Investigate Potential Exposures
P – Present Work
R – Residence
E – Environmental Concerns
P – Past Work
A – Activities
R – Referrals and Resources
E – Educate
Social Cognitive Theory
focuses on an individual’s personal beliefs about self and their interactions with their interpersonal relationships and environment.
Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior
two theories are based on the premise that a person’s intention to engage in healthy behavior determines whether they actually do it or not.
Pender’s Health Promotion Model
-used to help nurses understand factors affect an individual’s health
-use those factors to guide them toward healthier behaviors.
-states people work toward actions that are of value to them and are achievable),
factors affect an individual’s motivation to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
-prior experiences;
perceived benefits, barriers,
capability to do the desired behavior;
current life situation;
presence of social support.
According to Pender,
people more likely to engage in healthier behaviors when they perceive fewer barriers,
see greater benefits,
believe in their own abilities for success,
have a supportive social system that engages in the activity with them.
SHOWS FACTORS THAT AFFECT HEALTH ON MULTIPLE LEVELS OF SOCIETY
LOOKS AT WHAT MOTIVATES A PERSON TO ADOPT A HEALTHY HABIT
DESCRIBES THE DIFFERENT STAGES A PERSON GOES THROUGH WHEN ATTEMPTING TO ADOPT A HEALTHY HABIT
ECOLOGICAL MODEL
HEALTH BELIEVE MODEL
TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL
EXPLAINS A PERSONS INTERACTION WITH THEIR SURROUNDINGS REGARDING THEIR HEALTH
DISCUSSES HOW INTENTION CAN DRIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF CHANGE
LOOKS AT A PERSONS BACKGROUND FACTERS THAT MAY AFFECT THE LIKLEHOOD OF THEM ENGAGING IN A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
FOCUSES ON THE LARGER SOCIETAL AND SYSTEMIC ISSUES THAT IMPACT HEALTH
SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY
THEORY OF REASONED ACTION / PLANNED BEHAVIOUR
PENDERS HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL
UPSTREAM THINKING
Ethical Principles of Public Health
-Beneficence -Doing good; acting to benefit the client
-Nonmaleficence- Doing no harm; determining the risk-benefit for any action
-Justice - Treating others fairly, equitably, and with respect
-Autonomy-Personal value and worth to determine their path and make choices
-Veracity-Truthfulness and ability to keep commitments and promises
-Informed consent-Requires a competent, fully informed client who understands the options and potential outcomes of their choice
-Confidentiality-Sharing information only with those who have a right and need to know
Community health nursing is different from community-based nursing. In community-based nursing, although the setting is in the community, the care focus is primarily on the health issues of individuals of all ages and their families
the care focus is primarily on the health issues of individuals of all ages and their families
NURSE CASE MANAGER
RN ENGAGED IN CONNECTING CLIENTS TO RESOURCES THAT WILL HELP THEM MAINTAIN GOOD HEALTH AND INCREASE POSITIVE HEALTH OUTCOMES
Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
digital client charts.
-accessible to providers and organization employees and are password protected.
-updated in real time and can be accessed remotely across health care entities.
-allows for providers from differing organizations to view and document the same record
OMAHA System
research-based, public domain, standardized taxonomy promoting the comprehensive practice and documentation to explain client care needs
