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The Bits and Bytes of Computer Networking > Introduction to Connecting to the Internet > Flashcards

Introduction to Connecting to the Internet Flashcards

1
Q

modem

A

modulator demodulator- converts analog to dialog

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2
Q

bard rate

A

a measurement of how many bits can be passed across a phone line in a second

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3
Q

broadband

A

any connectivity technology that isn’t dial-up

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4
Q

T1 (historically)

A

transmission system 1- carry 24 simultaneous phone calls across a single piece of twisted pair copper

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5
Q

What does T1 mean nowadays?

A

any twisted pair copper connection capable of speeds of 1.544 mbs

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6
Q

T3

A

28 T1s multiplexed together resulting in a throughput speed of 44.736 mbs

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7
Q

DSL

A

digital subscriber line- uses modern phone lines (made of twisted pair copper) but operates at a frequency that doesn’t interfere with phone calls so they can occur at the same time as data transfers

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8
Q

What type of connections does DSL form and what is its implication?

A

Point-to-point connections (from home/office directly to the CO)= DSL ISPs can guarantee a certain amount of bandwidth

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9
Q

DSLAM

A

digital subscriber line access multiplexer- establishes long-running data connections across phone lines for DSL

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10
Q

long-running connection

A

the connection is established when DSLAM is powered on and isn’t torn down until it’s powered off

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11
Q

ADSL

A

asymmetric digital subscriber line- has faster download (inbound) speeds and slower upload (outbound) speeds

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12
Q

SDSL

A

symmetric digital subscriber line- upload and download speeds the same,
most have an upper cap of 1.544 mbs

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13
Q

HDSL

A

high bit-rate digital subscriber line- speeds >1.544 mbs

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14
Q

What’d the Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 do?

A

deregulated cable TV business in US and resulted in massive boom in growth and adoption that spread across the world- holy shucks

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15
Q

cable broadband

A

provides high-speed internet access over the same coaxial cable as TV but at a frequency that doesn’t interfere with TV braodcast

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16
Q

cable modem

A

a device that sits at the edge of a consumer’s network and connects it to the CMTS

17
Q

CMTS

A

cable modem termination system- what connects lots of different cable connections to an ISP’s core network

18
Q

shared bandwidth technology

A

many users share a certain amount of bandwidth until the transmission reach the ISP’s core network

19
Q

How large are CMTSs?

A

anywhere from a single city block to an entire subdivision in the suburbs

20
Q

How far can fiber cables carry a signal before it degrades?

A

many, many miles

21
Q

How far can twisted copper cables carry a signal before it degrades?

A

1000s of feet max

22
Q

FTTX

A

fiber to the x

23
Q

FTTN

A

fiber to the neighborhood

24
Q

Describe FTTN

A

data is delivered to a single physical cabinet that serves a certain amount of the population. From there, twisted pair copper of coax is used for the last length of the distance.

25
Q

FTTB

A

fiber to the building/business/basement- twisted pair copper used to connect those inside the building.

26
Q

FTTH

A

fiber to the home- run to each individual in a neighborhood or apartment building

27
Q

ONT

A

optical network terminator- converts data from protocols the fiber network can understand to those that more traditional twisted pair copper can understand

28
Q

WAN demarcation point

A

where each network part of the WAN ends and the ISP’s network takes over

29
Q

WAN local loop

A

the area between the demarcation point and the ISP’s actual core network, so from the demarcation point to the provider’s local, regional office (from which it would connect to the core network and Internet)

30
Q

what type of cabling is used in local loops?

A

something like T-carrier or a high-speed optical connection

31
Q

which layer of the networking layer do WAN protocols work at?

A

the data link layer in order to transport data from site to site

32
Q

point-to-point VPN

A

establishes a VPN tunnel between 2 sites so that users can access network resources without establishing their own connections

The Bits and Bytes of Computer Networking (5 decks)

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