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The Bits and Bytes of Computer Networking > The TCP/IP Network Model > Flashcards

The TCP/IP Network Model Flashcards

1
Q

protocol

A

a defined set of standards that computers must follow in order to communicate properly.

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2
Q

computer networking

A

the full scope of how computers communicate with each other

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3
Q

what are the 5 layers of the TCP/IP model?

A

the physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers.

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4
Q

what are the specifications of the physical layer for?

A

networking cables
the connectors that join devices together
how signals sent over these

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5
Q

what is the data link layer responsible for?

A

defining a common way of interpreting signals so network devices can communicate
abstracts away the need for any other layers to care about the physical layer and what hardware is in use.

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6
Q

what is the network layer responsible for?

A

getting data delivered across a collection of networks via routers

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7
Q

what is the most common protocol used at the network layer?

A

IP (Internet Protocol)

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8
Q

what is the transport layer responsible for?

A

sorting out which client and server programs are supposed to get data transmitted.

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9
Q

what are the 2 main protocols used at the transport layer?

A

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Use Datagram Protocol (UDP)

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10
Q

what are TCP and UDP responsible for?

A

ensuring data that the network layer delivers gets to the right applications the node is running.
TCP ensure reliable delivery.
UDP doesn’t.

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11
Q

what is the most common protocol at the data link layer?

A

Ethernet

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12
Q

what does the physical layer consist of?

A

the devices and means of transmitting bits across computer networks

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13
Q

which protocols does the application layer contain?

A

Application specific protocols.

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14
Q

crosstalk

A

when an electrical pulse on one wire is accidentally detected on another

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15
Q

what are the most common forms of copper twisted pair cables?

A

Cat 5, Cat 5e, Cat 6

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16
Q

collision domain

A

a network segment where only 1 device can communicate at a time

17
Q

what does a switch do?

A

inspects the contents of Ethernet protocol data being sent around network, determines which system the data is intended for, and then only sends that data to that one system.

18
Q

Border Gateway Protocol (BDP)

A

allows routers to share data with each other in order to learn the most optimal paths to forward traffic.

19
Q

what does a router do?

A

inspects IP data
forwards between independent networks
stores internal tables containing info about how to route traffic

20
Q

server

A

provides data that’s being requested

21
Q

client

A

requests and receives data

22
Q

modulation

A

a way of varying the voltage moving across cables

23
Q

line coding

A

modulation used for computer networks

24
Q

duplex communication

A

info flows in both directions across cable

25
Q

full duplex

A

devices on either side of a networking link can both communicate with each other at the same time

26
Q

half-duplex

A

communication is possible in each direction but only 1 device can communicate at a time

27
Q

what is the most common network plug?

A

(RJ) registered jack 45

28
Q

CSMA/CD

A

carrier sense multiple access with collision detection.

used to determine when the communications channels are clear and when a device is free to transmit data

29
Q

MAC address

A 
media access control.
48 bit (6 byte) number represented by 6 groupings of 2 hexadecimal numbers.
30
Q

octet

A

any number that can represented by 8 bits

31
Q

OUI

A

organizationally unique identity.

the first 3 octets of a MAC address

32
Q

IEEE

A

institute of electrical and electronics engineers.

assign OUIs

33
Q

unicast

A

only received and processed by one intended destination

34
Q

what type of Ethernet transmission has the least significant bit of the first octet of the destination address set to 0?

A

unicast

35
Q

what type of Ethernet transmission has the least significant bit of the first octet of the destination address set to 1?

A

mulitcast

36
Q

multicast

A

accepted or discarded by each device depending on criteria aside from MAC.
network interfaces can be configured to accept lists of configured multicast addresses.

37
Q

broadcast

A

sent to every single device on a LAN so devices can learn about each other.

38
Q

data packet

A

any set of binary data being sent across a network link

39
Q

Ethernet frames

A

data packets at the Ethernet level

The Bits and Bytes of Computer Networking (5 decks)

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