The TCP/IP Network Model

Question 1

protocol

Answer 1

a defined set of standards that computers must follow in order to communicate properly.

Question 2

computer networking

Answer 2

the full scope of how computers communicate with each other

Question 3

what are the 5 layers of the TCP/IP model?

Answer 3

the physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers.

Question 4

what are the specifications of the physical layer for?

Answer 4

networking cables
the connectors that join devices together
how signals sent over these

Question 5

what is the data link layer responsible for?

Answer 5

defining a common way of interpreting signals so network devices can communicate
abstracts away the need for any other layers to care about the physical layer and what hardware is in use.

Question 6

what is the network layer responsible for?

Answer 6

getting data delivered across a collection of networks via routers

Question 7

what is the most common protocol used at the network layer?

Answer 7

IP (Internet Protocol)

Question 8

what is the transport layer responsible for?

Answer 8

sorting out which client and server programs are supposed to get data transmitted.

Question 9

what are the 2 main protocols used at the transport layer?

Answer 9

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Use Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Question 10

what are TCP and UDP responsible for?

Answer 10

ensuring data that the network layer delivers gets to the right applications the node is running.
TCP ensure reliable delivery.
UDP doesn’t.

Question 11

what is the most common protocol at the data link layer?

Answer 11

Ethernet

Question 12

what does the physical layer consist of?

Answer 12

the devices and means of transmitting bits across computer networks

Question 13

which protocols does the application layer contain?

Answer 13

Application specific protocols.

Question 14

crosstalk

Answer 14

when an electrical pulse on one wire is accidentally detected on another

Question 15

what are the most common forms of copper twisted pair cables?

Answer 15

Cat 5, Cat 5e, Cat 6

Question 16

collision domain

Answer 16

a network segment where only 1 device can communicate at a time

Question 17

what does a switch do?

Answer 17

inspects the contents of Ethernet protocol data being sent around network, determines which system the data is intended for, and then only sends that data to that one system.

Question 18

Border Gateway Protocol (BDP)

Answer 18

allows routers to share data with each other in order to learn the most optimal paths to forward traffic.

Question 19

what does a router do?

Answer 19

inspects IP data
forwards between independent networks
stores internal tables containing info about how to route traffic

Question 20

server

Answer 20

provides data that’s being requested

Question 21

client

Answer 21

requests and receives data

Question 22

modulation

Answer 22

a way of varying the voltage moving across cables

Question 23

line coding

Answer 23

modulation used for computer networks

Question 24

duplex communication

Answer 24

info flows in both directions across cable

Question 25

full duplex

Answer 25

devices on either side of a networking link can both communicate with each other at the same time

Question 26

half-duplex

Answer 26

communication is possible in each direction but only 1 device can communicate at a time

Question 27

what is the most common network plug?

Answer 27

(RJ) registered jack 45

Question 28

CSMA/CD

Answer 28

carrier sense multiple access with collision detection. | used to determine when the communications channels are clear and when a device is free to transmit data

Question 29

MAC address

Answer 29

``` media access control. 48 bit (6 byte) number represented by 6 groupings of 2 hexadecimal numbers. ```

Question 30

octet

Answer 30

any number that can represented by 8 bits

Question 31

OUI

Answer 31

organizationally unique identity. | the first 3 octets of a MAC address

Question 32

IEEE

Answer 32

institute of electrical and electronics engineers. | assign OUIs

Question 33

unicast

Answer 33

only received and processed by one intended destination

Question 34

what type of Ethernet transmission has the least significant bit of the first octet of the destination address set to 0?

Answer 34

unicast

Question 35

what type of Ethernet transmission has the least significant bit of the first octet of the destination address set to 1?

Answer 35

mulitcast

Question 36

multicast

Answer 36

accepted or discarded by each device depending on criteria aside from MAC. network interfaces can be configured to accept lists of configured multicast addresses.

Question 37

broadcast

Answer 37

sent to every single device on a LAN so devices can learn about each other.

Question 38

data packet

Answer 38

any set of binary data being sent across a network link

Question 39

Ethernet frames

Answer 39

data packets at the Ethernet level