Introduction to dental public health

Question 1

what are the major health concerns today

Answer 1

general health and oral health

Question 2

what are some of the big concerns in oral health

Answer 2

dental caries in children

Question 3

what are non communicable diseases

Answer 3

they are not transmissible from person to person

Question 4

what types of services are required to tackle problems

Answer 4

treatment
screening/anticipatory care
prevention: social/environmental

Question 5

what is secondary care

Answer 5

hospital care

Question 6

what is tertiary care

Answer 6

highly specialized care

Question 7

what is screening/anticipatory care

Answer 7

actual services that sole purpose is early detection

dentists can get involved in early detection

Question 8

what are the 3 levels to prevention

Answer 8

policy, community, clinical

Question 9

what did the kerr report state on the management of chronic problems

Answer 9

we are using an acute care mentality i.e reacting to the disease

Question 10

what did the kerr report state on deprived groups

Answer 10

they often suffer under the inverse care law

often receive inappropriate services

Question 11

what is the inverse care law

Answer 11

most health care is provided to those who need it least

Question 12

how do deprived groups often receive inappropriate services

Answer 12

relatively high rates of emergency care and low rates of schedules care (episodic/disjointed)

Question 13

how should we reorientate our services (recommendation for the future report)

Answer 13

primary care system to be focused on prevention of ill health and detection and managements of problems at early stage
preventative, anticipatory care where possible rather than only reactive management

Question 14

what is the definition for anticipatory care

Answer 14

planned intervention to achieve early diagnosis/treatment of a condition which may not yet be producing symptoms or recognized as producing symptoms

Question 15

what does anticipatory care help reduce

Answer 15

unavoidable unscheduled acute admissions for people with preexisting conditions

Question 16

what is realistic medicine

Answer 16

shared decision making with patients
personalized approach
managing risk/prevnetion better

Question 17

what is the definition of public health

Answer 17

the science and practice of preventing diseases, promoting health and improving quality of life through the organized efforts of society

Question 18

what is public health about

Answer 18

improving population health

Question 19

what are the stages of individual clinical practice

Answer 19

history & examination 
diagnosis 
treatment planning
treatment
follow up & review

Question 20

what are the stages to public health practice

Answer 20

assessment of need
analysis of data
planning of services to meet needs
programme implementation
evaluation of outcome

Question 21

what are the aims of dental public health

Answer 21

to improve and tackle inequalities in oral health and health care through appropriate preventative, health promotion, anticipatory care and treatment services

Question 22

what are the challenges to the aims of dental public health

Answer 22

reducing oral health inequalities
improve oral health
oral health importance to general health
aging population

Question 23

how are we trying to improve oral health and care services

Answer 23

preventative anticipatory care now recommended rather than reactive management
recognizing that treatment services alone have major limitations to improving health of the public

Question 24

what are the main roles of public health

Answer 24

epidemiology
health needs assemment
preventing diseases and health improvement
addressing health inequalities
policy development
development and implementation of local health strategies
service development the development of clinical pathways
patient safety
improving governance systems and quality improvement
evaluating health services
teaching and training
research

Question 25

what are the major roles of epidemiology

Answer 25

monitoring infectious diseases monitoring non-infectious dinner (cancer registries, dental caries surveys) measuring health and inequalities in health determine risk factors associated with diseases strategic planning evaluation of effectiveness of service provision

Question 26

what does prevention and oral health improvement require

Answer 26

understanding of social, political, economic and environmental factors implemented at community and individual patient level prevention pivotal to role of clinical dental team

Question 27

what are the determinants of oral health status

Answer 27

there is a correlation between health status and social/environmental factors factors influencing eating habits and use of fluoride products major determinants of dental health status

Question 28

what are factors that can influence eating habits and use of fluoride products

Answer 28

financial restraints access issues family, peer pressure education

Question 29

what are life circumstances that influence health

Answer 29

``` general education commercial influences peer pressure social isolation environment access culture housing ```

Question 30

what are lifestyle influences on health

Answer 30

``` eating smoking alcohol physical activity drug misuse ```

Question 31

how do you develop a policy

Answer 31

lobbying negotiating facilitating change

Question 32

what are the most effective policies

Answer 32

those that target pricing, marketing and availability

Question 33

what are examples of public health policies

Answer 33

sugar tax alcohol minimum unit pricing progressive income tax - redistribution

Question 34

what are the dimensions of healthcare quality

Answer 34

``` person centred safe effective efficient equitable timely ```

Question 35

what is the criteria for a public health problem

Answer 35

provenance of the condition impact of the condition on an individual level e.g fatal, debilitating impact on wider society e.g economic costs to country condition is preventable and effective treatments are available