Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Disease and Defense > Introduction to Dermatology and Epidermis > Flashcards

Introduction to Dermatology and Epidermis Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the largest organ?

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the seven functions of the skin?

A
  1. Beauty
  2. Barrier
  3. Vitamin D Synthesis
  4. Water Homeostasis
  5. Thermoregulation
  6. Insulation/ Calorie Reservoir
  7. Touch/ Sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of skin always burns, but never tans?

A

Type I Fitzpatrick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of skin easily burns and tans minimally?

A

Type II Fitzpatrick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of skin initially burns and gradually tans?

A

Type III Fitzpatrick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of skin minimally burns and tans well?

A

Type IV Fitzpatrick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of skin rarely burns and tans dark?

A

Type V Fitzpatrick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of skin never burns and is always tan?

A

Type VI Fitzpatrick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of cells make up the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What two layers make up the dermis?

A

Papillary layer and the reticular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name five adnexal structures?

A
  1. Apocrine glands
  2. Eccrine glands
  3. Hair
  4. Nails
  5. Sebaceous glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cells make up subcutaneous fat?

A

Adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are two locations in which you can find thick skin?

A

Palms and the soles of feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)?

A

UVB in the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) and Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) are absorbed by what organ?

A

Intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 are converted to calcidiol (25-hydroxy Vitamin D) by what organ?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the active form of calcidiol? And what organ makes it active?

A

1,25-dihydroxy-Vitamin D is the active form and it is activated by the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are three cell types found in the epidermis?

A
  1. Keratinocytes (barrier layer)
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Langerhans Cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Keratinocytes produce keratin. What is keratin?

A

Keratin is the intracellular fibrous protein of the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Melanocytes are pigment producing cells. What is their embryologic derivative?

A

Neural crest cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where are melanocytes located?

A

Basal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tyrosine gives rise to what color pigment?

A

Melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are melanosomes?

A

Granules of melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of melanin?

A

Protection of DNA from UV light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are Langerhans cells?
A type of dendritic cell in the epidermis derived from bone marrow stem cells
26
True or False: Skin color variation is due to the number of melanocytes in the skin.
False.
27
What two factors determine skin color variation?
1. Due to the type of melanin produced | 2. Due to the distribution of melanosomes
28
There are two types of melanin. What are they and what color?
1. Eumelanin: black to brown pigment | 2. Pheomelanin: Yellow to red brown pigment
29
Distribution of melanosomes lead to either light or dark skin. Describe the distributions that contribute to light and dark skin.
Light skin: melanosomes distributed in clusters above the nucleus Dark skin: melanosomes distributed individually throughout the cytoplasm
30
What cells compose the stratum basalis?
Keratinocytes (stem cells)
31
Name three types of cellular attachments found in the stratum basalis.
1. Hemidesmosomes 2. Desmosomes 3. Tonofilaments
32
What type of cellular attachment protein in the stratum basalis attaches the keratinocytes to each other?
Desmosomes
33
What type of cellular attachment protein in the stratum basalis attaches the basal cells firmly to the basal lamina of the dermal epidermal junction?
Hemidesmosomes
34
What type of cellular attachment protein in the stratum basalis inserts into the dense plaques of desmosomes on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane?
Tonofilamets
35
What is the microscopic appearance of the stratum spinosum?
Prickly due to the desmosome attachment between cells.
36
In what layer does the synthesis of involucrin and membrane coating granules begin to develope?
Stratum spinosum
37
Keratohyalin granules are found in what layer?
Stratum granulosum
38
Keratohyalin gransules contain profilaggrin (filaggrin precursor). What is the function of filaggrin?
Filaggrin cross-links keratin tonofilaments and is important in the barrier funtion of the skin.
39
Ichthyosis and atopic dermatitis are cause by what mutated protein?
Filaggrin
40
Stratum lucidum is found in what type of skin?
Thick
41
True or False: Cells in the stratum lucidum do not have nuclei and organelles.
True
42
What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
Stratum corneum
43
Meissner's corpuscles are found in what layer of the dermis?
Papillary Layer
44
What is the function of Meissner's corpuscles?
Senses fine touch
45
The reticular layer contains extensive collagen and elastic fibers. What corpuscles can be found in this layer?
Pacinian corpuscles
46
What is the function of Pacinian corpuscles?
Sense vibration, pressure, and touch
47
Meissner's corpuscles consist of what types of cells?
Schwann cells and sensory nerve terminals wrapped by fibroblast and collagen
48
Meissner's corpuscles are found in what type of skin?
Thick
49
Pacinian corpuscles are found in what type of skin?
Both thick and thin
50
What type of sweat glands are located in the axillary, pubic and perianal regions?
Apocrine sweat glands
51
When do apocrine sweat glands begin functioning?
Puberty
52
What leads fluids, produced by apocrine glands, to create odor?
Bacterial interaction with the secretions
53
Eccrine sweat glands are distributed over most of the body except:
Lips, under nails, glans penis, glans clitoris, and labia minora
54
What is the role of eccrine sweat glands?
Thermoregulation
55
What type of gland produces watery, enzyme-rich, isotonic secretions?
Eccrine sweat glands
56
Hair consists of what two structures?
Central medulla of soft keratin and a cortex and cuticle of hard keratin
57
How long is the growth period of hair?
2-3 Years
58
What muscle, when contracting, allows the hair to stand on end?
Arrector pili (smooth muscle)
59
Sebaceous glands produce what type of oil substance?
Sebum (mixture of lipids)
60
Development of sebaceous glands is accelerated by what event?
Puberty

Disease and Defense (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions