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Disease and Defense: Unit 3 > Introduction to Dermatology & the Epidermis > Flashcards

Introduction to Dermatology & the Epidermis Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Are skin diseases common?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Fill in the following for: Skin Type I

  • Hair
  • Eyes
  • Skin
  • Freckles
  • Sunburn
  • Tan
A 
Hair- Red/Blond
Eyes- Blue/Green
Skin- White 
Freckles- +++
Sunburn- Always
Tan- 0
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3
Q

Fill in the following for: Skin Type II

  • Hair
  • Eyes
  • Skin
  • Freckles
  • Sunburn
  • Tan
A 
Hair- Blond/Brown
Eyes- Light to medium 
Skin- Fair 
Freckles- ++
Sunburn- Easily
Tan- Minimally
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4
Q

Fill in the following for: Skin Type III

  • Hair
  • Eyes
  • Skin
  • Freckles
  • Sunburn
  • Tan
A 
Hair- Brown
Eyes-Medium to Dark
Skin- Light brown 
Freckles- +
Sunburn- Initially 
Tan-Gradual
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5
Q

Fill in the following for: Skin Type IV

  • Hair
  • Eyes
  • Skin
  • Freckles
  • Sunburn
  • Tan
A 
Hair- Medium to Dark
Eyes- Dark
Skin- Moderate Brown
Freckles- 0
Sunburn- Minimally
Tan- Tans Well
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6
Q

Fill in the following for: Skin Type V

  • Hair
  • Eyes
  • Skin
  • Freckles
  • Sunburn
  • Tan
A 
Hair- Dark
Eyes- Dark
Skin- Dark Brown
Freckles- 0
Sunburn- Rarely
Tan- Dark Tan
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7
Q

Fill in the following for: Skin Type VI

  • Hair
  • Eyes
  • Skin
  • Freckles
  • Sunburn
  • Tan
A 
Hair- Dark
Eyes- Dark
Skin-Black
Freckles- 0
Sunburn- Never
Tan- Always Tan
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8
Q

Is skin color due to the number of melanocytes in the skin?

A

No.

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9
Q

What are the two types of melanin produced?

A

Eumelanin & Pheomelanin

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10
Q

What type of pigment does eumelanin produce?

A

Black and brown pigment

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11
Q

What type of pigment does pheomelanin produce?

A

Yellow to red-brown pigment

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12
Q

What is the distribution of melanosomes in light skin?

A

Melanosomes are distributed in clusters above the nucleus

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13
Q

What is the distribution of melanosomes in dark skin?

A

Melanosomes are distributed individually throughout the cytoplasm

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14
Q

Name some of the functions of skin.

A
  1. Decoration/ beauty
  2. Barrier
  3. Vitamin D synthesis
  4. Water Homeostasis
  5. Thermoregulation
  6. Insulation/ Calorie Reservoir
  7. Touch/ Sensation
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15
Q

What are the components of the epidermis?

A

A stratified squamous epithelial layer

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16
Q

What are the components of the dermis?

A

Papillary layer & Reticular layer

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17
Q

What is the Papillary layer composed of?

A

Loose connective tissue that lies just immediately under the epidermis

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18
Q

What is the reticular layer?

A

Deeper part of the dermis composed of dense connective tissue

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19
Q

Name 5 adnexal structures.

A
  1. Apocrine glands
  2. Eccrine glands
  3. Hair
  4. Nails
  5. Sebaceous glands
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20
Q

Subcutaneous fat is composed of what type of cells?

A

Adipocytes

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21
Q

Where is thick skin found?

A

Palms and soles

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22
Q

What converts 7-dehyrocholesterol to Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)?

A

UV light in the skin

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23
Q

What converts cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) to Calcidiol (25-hydroxy Vitamin D)?

A

Liver

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24
Q

What converts calcidiol (25- hydroxy Vitamin D) to the ACTIVE 1-25- dihydroxy-Vitamin D (calcitriol)?

A

Kidney

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25
What do keratinocytes produce?
Keratin, the major intracellular fibrous protein of the skin
26
What is the precursor cell of melanocytes?
Neural crest
27
What do melanocytes produce?
melanin, a pigment derived from tyrosine
28
Autoimmunity to melanocytes causes what condition?
Vitiligo
29
What is the role of Langerhans cells?
Small numbers in all of the epidermal layers that act as dendritic cells in the skin
30
Where are Langerhans cells derived from?
Bone marrow stem cells
31
Basal keratinocytes are considered what type of cell?
Stem cells
32
Hemidesmosomes attach what two structures?
They attach basal cells firmly to the basal lamina of the dermal epidermal junction
33
Antibodies to proteins in teh hemidesmosomes may cause autoimmune blistering. What is this called?
Bullous pemphigoid
34
What causes Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa?
Genetic defects in Collage VIII
35
What causes Junctional EB?
Genetic defects in Laminin-5
36
What is the function of desmosomes?
Attach keratinocytes to each other
37
Antibodies to proteins in the desmosomes may cause what autoimmune disease?
Pemphigus vulgaris causes blistering
38
What causes Epidermolysis bullosa simplex?
Congenital defects in Keratin filaments 5 and 14
39
What are tonofilaments?
Protein structures (keratin filaments) that insert into the dense plaques of desmosomes on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane
40
What is the appearance of stratum spinosum?
prickly
41
What proteins are synthesized in the stratum spinosum?
Involucrin | Membrane coating granules
42
What type of granule is found in stratum granulosum?
Keratohyalin granules
43
What is the function of filaggrin?
Cross-links keratin tonofilaments and is important in the barrier function of the skin
44
Filaggrin is mutated in what two dry skin conditions?
1. Ichthyosis | 2. Atopic dermatitis
45
What is unique about keratinocytes in the stratum lucidum layer?
They no longer have nuclei or organelles. This layer is thin
46
Are desmosomes still connected in the stratum corneum?
Yes
47
Meissner's corpuscles are found in what part of the dermis? What is their function?
Papillary layer Sense touch
48
Blood vessels in the reticular layer have what function?
Thermoregulation
49
What and where are Pacinian corpuscles found?
Found: Reticular layer Function: Sense vibration, pressure and touch
50
What type of skin contains Meissner's corpuscles?
Dermal papillae of thick skin
51
What do Meissner's corpuscles consist of?
Schwann cells and sensory nerve terminals wrapped by fibroblasts and collagen
52
What skin type contains Pacinian corpuscles?
Thick and thin skin
53
What is the appearance of Pacinian corpuscles?
Concentric layers are composed of flattened connective tissue-like cells
54
Where are apocrine sweat glands located?
Axillary, pubic, and perianal regions
55
Where are eccrine sweat glands not found?
Not found in the lips, under the nails or on the glans penis, glans clitoris or labia minora
56
Describe the consistency of aporcine products vs. eccrine.
Apocrine- Milky, viscid, carbohydrate-rich secretions Eccrine- Watery, enzyme-rich secretion, initially isotonic
57
What is the function of eccrine glands?
Thermoregulation
58
Describe the structure of hair.
Central medulla of soft keratin, and a cortex and cubicle of hard keratin
59
Where does the pigment of hair come from?
Melanocytes
60
What causes "goose bumps"?
Contraction of arrector pili muscle
61
What do sebaceous glands secrete?
Sebum, a complex mixture of lipids
62
Where do sebaceous glands secrete sebum?
Upper one-third of hair follicles. Accelerated during puberty

Disease and Defense: Unit 3 (4 decks)

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