Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Disease and Defense: Unit 3 > Dermis and Adnexal Structures > Flashcards

Dermis and Adnexal Structures Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Does the epidermis contain blood vessels?

A

No. Only the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What two zones make up the dermis?

Which one is more superficial?

A
  • Papillary dermis & Reticular dermis

- Papillary dermis is more superficial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the dermal matrix composed of?

A

Collagen fibers, elastic fibers and ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the major function of the epidermis?

A

Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The dermoepidermal junction consists of interlocking projections. What are their names?

A

Downward projections of the epidermis = epidermal rete

Upward projections of the dermis = dermal papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two functions of the dermoepidermal junction?

A
  1. Strength of adherence

2. Increases the surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dermoepidermal junctions are responsible for what feature on the hands and feet?

A

Fingerprints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of collagen?

A

Provides essentially all the tensile strength of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of Collage I?

A

Comprises >85% of adult dermis

Major component of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of Collagen III?

A

Fetal dermis- Why fetal skin doesn’t tend to scar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of Collagen IV?

A

Found in the basement membrane zone (present in the dermoepidermal junction)

More prominent around vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of Collagen VII?

A

Found in anchoring fibrils which are used by the body to attach the epidermis to the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is procollagen synthesized?

A

INTRACELLULARLY in fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What consists of three separate chains of proteins arranged in an alpha-helical structure?

A

Procollagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chains consists of three repeating chains what are they?

A

GLY-X-Y
X= Proline
Y= Hydroxyproline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is collagen assembled?

A

Extracellularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name one cofactor needed for assembly of collagen fibrils

A

Absorbic acid (Vitamin C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A patient comes in with a chief complaint of:
-Inadequate wound healing
-Abnormal hair growth
-Fragile blood vessels
-Teeth falling out
What should be on you differential diagnosis?

A

Scurvy! This is caused by vitamin C deficiency&raquo_space;>abnormal collagen production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name one congenital abnormality that effects collagen synthesis.

A

Ehlers-Danlow Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name 4 major clinical features of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

A
  1. Skin hyperextensiblity
  2. Joint hypermobility
  3. Tissue fragility
  4. Poor wound healing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of elastic fibers?

A

Provide resiliency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Are collagen fibers eosinophilic or basophilic?

A

Eosinophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What stain must you use to visualize elastic fibers?

A

Silver stain because elastic fibers are argyrophilic and appear black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is one acquired disorder associated with elastin?

A

Solar elastosis- accumulates significant sunlight exposure»> degradation of elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How does solar elastosis change the microscopic appearance of elastin?
Argyrophilic >> Basophilic
26
What causes pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE)?
Inherited elastic disorder caused by mutation in gene encoding part of "multidrug resistance complex" Elastic fibers become enlarged, tangled, and calcified
27
What is the role of "multidrug resistance complex"?
Pump compounds out of the cells (resistance to certain chemotherapy)
28
A patient comes in with the skin of the flexural areas of the body having a plucked chicken appearance, hypertension and bleeding disorders. What should be on the DDX?
PXE
29
Ground substance consists principally of two glycosaminoglycans. What are they?
Hyaluronic acid & Dermatan sulphate
30
What are fibronectins?
gel-like mass functions like a sponge. Helps facilitate nourishment
31
What is the role of fibroblasts in ground substance? What is the role of hyaluronidase in ground substance?
Fibroblasts- Produce ground substances Hyaluronidase- destroys ground substances
32
What two vascular structures are found in the dermis?
Superficial and deep vascular plexi
33
What are the three roles of the dermal vascular supply?
1. Wound healing 2. Homeostasis 3. Modulation of inflammation/leukocyte trafficking
34
What is Sucquet-Hoyer canal?
Smooth muscle derived valve-like structure, blood may be directed towards skin during overheating or away during hypothermia
35
What is Auspitz sign?
Pinpoint bleeding after the forceful removal of psoriasis plaque
36
What is a verruca?
Benign, virally induced neoplasms that require an increased blood supply
37
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is caused by immune complexes depositing in post-capillary venules. What Gell and Coombs reaaction pattern is that?
Type III- immune complex mediated
38
What is the pathogenesis of leukocytoclastic vasculitis?
1. Immune complexes deposit in the post-capillary venule 2. Neutrophils attach to vessel and degranulate 3. Yielding damage and extravasation of red blood cells
39
What is the manifestation of leukocytoclastic vasculitis?
Palpable purpura which is not blanchable
40
What is the function of the nervous system in the dermis?
Protect and inform
41
Free nerves are responsible for what two sensations?
Pain and itch
42
What are the physical characteristic of afferent pruritus nerves?
Unmyelinated C fibers with a slow conduction rate
43
True or False: Itch and pain are different and independent sensory modalities.
True
44
What is the function of Pacinian corpuscles?
They are onion shaped nerves involved in pressure and vibratory sensations
45
What is the function of Meissner's corpuscles?
They are pine-cone shaped nerves involved in fine touch and tactile discrimination
46
Where is the highest concentration of Meissner's corpuscles?
Distal aspects of the digits
47
Mutations in the neurotrophic tyrosine recetor kinase I (NTRK1) gene results in what condition?
Congenital insensitivity to pain + co-existing anhidrosis (inability to sweat)
48
What are the two types of hair?
Terminal and Vellus
49
Where are terminal hairs found?
Scalp, a man's beard area and possibly chest/back, and pubic area
50
What is an arrector pili muscle?
Small, smooth-muscle which, when activated by the autonomic nervous system, brings the hair into a more erect position
51
What are the three parts of the hair follicle?
Infundibulum- Upper third Isthmus- Middle third Matrical area- Lower third
52
the primitive ectodermal germ (PEG) consists of three bulges. What are they and what do they encode for?
Lower bulge- attachment for arrector pili Middle bulge- sebaceous gland Upper bulge- apocrine gland
53
What are the three phases of hair growth?
Anagen-growth phase Telogen- resting phase Catagen- transition phase
54
What promotes alopecia?
The conversion of testosterone to 5-dihydrotestosterone
55
What blocks the conversion of testosterone to 5-dihydrotestosterone?
finasterride, a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor
56
What type of gland are sebaceous glands?
Holocrine
57
Where does a sebaceous gland release its sebum?
Hair follicle
58
What is the function of eccrine glands?
Thermoregulation
59
Are eccrine glands derived from primitive ectodermal germ?
No
60
Sweating is mediated by the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system, but triggered by what?
Acetylcholine
61
Where are apocrine glands located?
Axillary and anogenital area
62
Name three specialized variants of apocrine glands.
1. Moll's glands on the eyelids 2. Cerumen (ear wax) glands 3. Lactation glands of the breast
63
What secretion occurs through decapitation?
Apocrine
64
What is chromohidrosis?
Colored sweat
65
Where are the appoeccrine glands primarity found?
Axilla. Cholinergic stimuli
66
How can you treat hyperhidrosis?
Botulinum toxin A (Botox) which blocks the release of acetylcholine

Disease and Defense: Unit 3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions