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BDS2 CLINICAL Dental Materials > Introduction to DMS > Flashcards

Introduction to DMS Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

what does the behavior of dental materials affect

A 
selection
preparation
placement
performance
patient expectations
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2
Q

what indicates that a material is safe

A

CE mark

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3
Q

what are the different types of restorative materials

A 
amalgam 
composites
glass ionomer cements
composers
porcelain
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4
Q

what are the different impression materials

A

impression compound
impression paste
hydrocolloids
elastomers

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5
Q

what is the hydrocolloid impression material

A

alginate

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6
Q

what are the elastomers

A

polysulphides
polyethers
silicones

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7
Q

what are the different metals/alloys

A 
amalgam
cobalt chromium
titanium
gold 
stainless steel
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8
Q

what is composite like initially and finally

A

initially flows out of a cartilage - low to high viscosities available
finally sets with margins and hardens

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9
Q

what is impression material (polyether) like initially

A

initially flows into a tray and low viscosity

finally undergoes a setting reaction to become firm and stable

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10
Q

where is stainless steel used

A

denture base

orthodontic appliances

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11
Q

when is cobalt chromium used

A

partial dentures

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12
Q

what are the different properties of materials

A

mechanical, chemical, physical

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13
Q

what may forces applied to materials cause it to do

A

stretch/compress
deform (temp or permanent)
fracture

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14
Q

what is the equation for force

A

F = mass (kg) x gravitational acceleration

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15
Q

what are the types of forces

A

compressive
tensile
shear

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16
Q

what is the equation for stress

A

force/unit area

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17
Q

what is the equation for strain

A

change in length/original length

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18
Q

what is the definition of stress

A

force per unit cross sectional area that is acting on a material

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19
Q

what is the definition of strain

A

fractional change in the dimension caused by the force

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20
Q

what happens if the stress and strain exceed the maximum value that the material can withstand

A

fracture is most likely

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21
Q

what is the proportional limit

A

it is up until the proportional limit that stress and strain are linearly related

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22
Q

what is youngs modulus

A

measure of stiffness/rigidness of a material

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23
Q

what are the different mechanical properties

Study These Flashcards
A

hard/soft
brittle/ductile
strong/weak
rigid/flexible

24
Q

what are the mechanical properties of enamel

Study These Flashcards
A

brittle
rigid
strong
hard

25
what are materials subjected to
biting grinding/chewing removal
26
how does biting affect materials
compressive force applied to upper tooth when biting. Can the tooth withstand the force or will it fracture?
27
how does grinding/chewing affect materials
tooth slides along the surface of the other. Frictional forces are experienced. Will tooth surface be abraded resulting in the loss of layers of enamel?
28
what is the typical biting force
500 to 700N (50-70kg)
29
how can materials be subject to removal
the material needs to adhere to enamel or it will be removed by masticatory forces – the forces will overcome the bond between material and tooth structure. This is through shear force
30
how do the mechanical properties of enamel and dentine compare
Enamel is more rigid than dentine as it has a higher EM. The fracture stress of enamel is greater than dentine.
31
how does amalgam stay in the tooth
through mechanical retention
32
what kind of cavity design does amalgam require
undercut
33
what kind of cavity design does composite require
minimal design
34
how does composite stay in the tooth
adhesive retention
35
what is the purpose of the undercut design
keeps the material in place as without it the material would just fall out as there is no bonding between the amalgam
36
what are the different material failure mechanisms
``` fracture hardness abrasion abrasion resistance creep deformation debond impact ```
37
how does fracture occur
large force causes catastrophic destruction of material’s structure the biting forces are gradually increased
38
what is hardness
ability of surface to resist indentation (KHN)
39
what is abrasion
material surface removal due to grinding
40
what is abrasion resistance
ability to withstand surface layers being removed, so compromising surface integrity
41
what is fatigue
repetitive ‘small’ stresses causing material fracture
42
what is creep
gradual dimensional change due to repetitive small forces
43
what is deformation
an applied force may cause a permanent change in material’s dimensions (but not fracture it!)
44
what is impact
large sudden forces causes fracture
45
what is a hardness test
The hardness is determined by measuring the depth of the indenter penetration or by measuring the size of the impression left by an indenter.
46
what happens in abrasion
In abrasion the tooth grinds and slides along the opposing tooth surface and the tooth surface is abraded which can result in the loss of material in surface layers or a roughened surface
47
what happens in fatigue
Most failures are not due to the application of a single load (force) but instead when repeated loads are applied, small flaws (cracks) in a material grow (propagate) allowing fracture when only a relatively small force is applied.
48
how does creep occur
low level forces continually applied amalgam protrudes around the margins exposed amalgam vulnerable to fracture
49
how does permanent deformation occur
Applying stress to a material that results in a releasing stress that is greater than the elastic limit results in permanent deformation, dL
50
how are orthodontic appliances removed
shear force is applied to separate the bracket/bonding material from tooth surface
51
how can impact effect dentures
the impact can cause them to either split down the middle or for surface cracks to form
52
what are the other mechanical properties
ductility/brittleness | tear strength
53
what are the chemical properties
* setting mechanism * setting time * corrosive potential
54
what are the physical properties
* viscosity * thermal conductivity * thermal expansion * density * radiodensity
55
what are the ideal properties
Each dental material has its own properties, when evaluating a material, compare its performance with the ideal properties
56
how does the oral environment effect materials
saliva temperature variations pH variations oral bacteria

BDS2 CLINICAL Dental Materials (15 decks)

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