Introduction to Echocardiography Flashcards Preview

MD3001 Cardiology > Introduction to Echocardiography > Flashcards

Flashcards in Introduction to Echocardiography Deck (19)
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1
Q

Linear-array transducers

A
  • high frequency
  • for viewing superficial structures
  • musculoskeletal system
2
Q

Curved-array transducers

A
  • low frequency
  • short radius: endoluminal scanning
  • extended field of view than linear
  • large radius: abdomen and obstetrical scanning
3
Q

Phased-array transducers

A
  • low frequency
  • extended field of view
  • smaller so good imaging for the heart as it can get between the ribs
4
Q

PART probe manipulation

A
  • pressure
  • alignment
  • rotation
  • tilting
5
Q

What are the imaging windows for transthoracic echocardiography?

A
  • parasternal
  • apical
  • subcostal
6
Q

Parasternal imaging window long axis

A
  • transducer placed in 3-4th intercostal space

- orientation marker pointing to patient’s right shoulder

7
Q

What is M-mode meant to analyse?

A

motion

8
Q

Parasternal imaging window short axis- mitral valve level

A
  • *continuation from long axis

- rotate orientation marker 90 degrees clockwise so orientation marker is towards patient’s left shoulder

9
Q

Parasternal imaging window short axis- papillary muscle level

A
  • *continuation from long axis
  • rotate 90 degrees clockwise so oritentation marker is towards patient’s left shoulder
  • tilt transducer slightly downward
10
Q

Parasternal imaging window short axis- aortic valve level

A
  • *continuation from long axis
  • rotate 90 degrees clockwise so oritentation marker is towards patient’s left shoulder
  • tilt transducer slightly upwards
11
Q

Apical imaging window 4-chamber

A
  • transducer placed on apical impulse
  • tilt face of transducer up until ultrasound beam cuts through long axis of heart
  • orientation marker at 3 o’clock
12
Q

Apical imaging window 5-chamber

A
  • *continuation from apical 4-chamber view
  • tilt face of transducer upward until aortic valve appears
  • orientation marker at 3 o’clock
13
Q

Subcostal imaging window 4-chamber

A
  • patient supine
  • transducer placed slightly below xyphoid process
  • direct transducer toward patient’s chin/left choulder
  • oritentation marker at 3 o’clock
  • hold transducer palm down
14
Q

Subcostal imaging window IVC

A
  • *continuation from subcostal 4-chamber
  • rotate transducer 90 degrees anti-clockwise
  • orientation marker at 12 o’clock
  • check to see IVC merging into RA
15
Q

What are we looking for in basic echo for a resuscitated patient?

A

looks for/rules out:

  • pericardial effusion
  • enlarged RV
  • LV size in conjunction with IVC
  • LV systolic function
16
Q

What is Marfan’s syndrome?

A
  • disorder of connective tissue
  • affects eyes, skeleton, lungs, heart and blood vessels
  • can be life-threatening
17
Q

What are the cardiovascular complications of Marfan’s syndrome?

A
  • dilatation of ascending and sometimes descending aorta
  • incompetence of aortic and mitral valves
  • aneurysm and dissection of aorta
18
Q

Management for Marfan’s sydrome

A
  • regular clinical review
  • echocardiogram
  • additional imaging if required
  • b-blockers/ACE inhibitors
  • surgical referral if aortic root at sinus of valsalva exceeds:
  • 5.5cm/5% growth per year for adults
19
Q

When is transoesophageal echocrdiogram used?

A
  • if you can’t get a clear picture of the patient’s heart with standard echocardiogram
  • if there is reason to see the heart and valves in more detail

Decks in MD3001 Cardiology Class (56):