Introduction to Globalization Flashcards
(33 cards)
“Globalization as a concept refers both to the
compression of the world and the intensification of
the consciousness of the world as a whole . . . both
concrete global interdependence and consciousness
of the global whole.”
Ronald Robertson 1992
“Globalization can . . . be defined as the intensification of world-wide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.”
Anthony Giddens 1990
Globalization a modern phenomenon
- MNCs have global reach and increasing power
- Travel and shipping are cheap and safe
- Governments have decreased tariffs and regulations on international trade
at its core, is characterized by networks of connections that span multi-continental distances. It attempts to understand all the inter-connections of the modern world — and to highlight patterns that underlie (and explain) them.
Globalism
refers to the increase or decline in the degree of globalism. It focuses on the forces, the dynamism or
speed of these changes.
Globalization
is a phenomenon with ancient roots. Thus, the issue is not how old globalism is, but rather how “thin” or
“thick” it is at any given time.
Globalism
Is the process by which globalism becomes increasingly thick/intense.
globalization
“involves the compression of space such that distance is less of a factor than it used to be in terms of knowledge, communication and movement. Geography and territory are undermined and things start to develop at a level that is more than, and above, inter-national relations.
Globalization (Martell, 2016)
Globalization as ‘Globaloney’
Rejectionists: Too complex and ambiguous
Modifiers: It’s not novel
Skeptics: Limited in nature
‘the increasing linkage of national economies
through trade, financial flows, and foreign
direct investment … by multinational firms’
(Gilpin, 2000)
Economic Process
The two most important aspects of economic globalization:
- the changing nature of the production process and
- the liberalization and internationalization of financial
transactions.
Significant economic development that involves the changing nature of global production:
Powerful transnational corporations (TNCs) with subsidiaries in several countries.
Economic Process
“Globalization has happened because technological advances have broken down many physical barriers to worldwide communication which used to limit how much connected or cooperative activity of any kind could happen over long distances”
Political Process
Is a process intrinsically connected to the expansion of markets.
Political globalization
As Political Process
Politics is rendered powerless vs. Politics is the crucial category upon which rests a proper understanding of globalization.
‘state formation beyond the national level’
Martin Shaw
portrayed globalization as diminishing the
sovereignty of national governance, thereby
reducing the relevance of the nation-state and
the need for effective global governance
structures.
David Held and Anthony McGrew
As Cultural Process:
Globalization not as a one-dimensional phenomenon, but as ____ involving diverse domains of activity and interaction, including the cultural sphere.
a multidimensional process
Sociologist John Tomlinson:
is a ‘densely growing network of complex cultural interconnections and interdependencies that characterize modern social life’.
Cultural globalization
John Tomlinson:
are directed by powerful international media corporations that utilize new communication technologies to shape societies and identities. … This
interconnectivity caused by cultural globalization challenges parochial values and identities, because it undermines the linkages that connect culture to fixity of location.
global cultural flows
On Homogeneity:
The global diffusion of American values, consumer goods, and lifestyles
Americanization
On Homogeneity:
‘are overwhelming more vulnerable cultures.’
Cultural imperialism
On Homogeneity:
term coined by the American sociologist George Ritzer (1993 to describe the wide-ranging process by which
the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society, as well as the rest of the world.
McDonaldization
On Homogeneity:
Term coined by Benjamin R. Barber
McWorld
