Introduction to Hematology

Question 0

He discovered worms in the blood

Answer 0

Athanasius Kircher (1657)

Question 1

Scientific study of blood

Answer 1

Hematology

Question 2

He gave account to RBC

Answer 2

Anton Van Leuwenhook (1674)

Question 3

Describe platelets as Petite Plagues

Answer 3

Giulio Bizzozero (late 1800’s)

Question 4

Development of wright strain

Answer 4

James Homer Wright(1902)

Question 5

Circulatory fluid of the cardiovascular system

Answer 5

Blood

Question 6

A pale, straw with colored fluid that remains if coagulations is prevented

Answer 6

Plasma

Question 7

Fluid part that remains after separation of the clots

Answer 7

Serum

Question 8

Functions of blood:

Answer 8

Buffering action
Body temp
Transport of hormones
Respiratory
Excretory
Nutritional
Defense

Question 9

Specific gravity of blood

Answer 9

1.055 to 1.065

Question 10

pH value of blood

Answer 10

7.35 - 7.45

Question 11

Ave. clotting time of blood

Answer 11

10-15 mins

Question 12

Ave. clotting time blood in a glass tube

Answer 12

60 mins

Question 13

Ave. clotting time of blood in a gel tube

Answer 13

30 mins

Question 14

These values increases in posture

Answer 14

Lipid, enzymes and proteins

Question 15

Daily body fluids functions that occur

Answer 15

Diurnal rhythm

Question 16

These values increases in the afternoon in the diurnal rhythm.

Answer 16

Iron and eosinophil

Question 17

Values that decreased in the afternoon in the diurnal rhythm

Answer 17

Cortisol and ACTH

Question 18

Stress an anxiety can cause a temporary increase in??

Answer 18

WBC

Question 19

Exercise elevates what?

Answer 19

Creatine kinase, creatinine, lactose dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and protein. Coagulation and fibrinoloysis

Question 20

According to research exercise can increase.

Answer 20

Platelet and wbc

Question 21

Diet tests for

Answer 21

Glucose, sodium and cbc

Question 22

Smoking can increase?

Answer 22

WBC, cortisol as well as hemoglobin

Question 23

Also known as skin puncture

Answer 23

Capillary puncture or microsampling

Question 24

Uses of skin puncture

Answer 24

In newborns and infants less than 6 mons to 2 yrs old Adult with poor veins Young children if only small amount of blood is needed

Question 25

Procedures of skin puncture

Answer 25

``` Blood typing Blood smear Malarial testing POCT Newborn screening ```

Question 26

Components of capillary blood

Answer 26

Arterial blood Venous blood Tissue fluid Dead epidermal cells

Question 27

Puncture sites for Infants

Answer 27

Lateral/medial surface of the heel

Question 28

Puncture site for children with small fingers but started walking

Answer 28

Plantar surface of the big toe

Question 29

Puncture site for adults and children

Answer 29

Palmar surface of the distal portion of the 3rd and 4th finger

Question 30

3 factors for a good venipuncture

Answer 30

Phlebotomists Patient and his/her veins Equipments

Question 31

3 methods in venipuncture

Answer 31

Syringe Butterfly infusion set Vacutainer

Question 32

Sites for venipuncture of newborn

Answer 32

External jugular vein Temporal vein Superior longgitudinal sinus

Question 33

Site of venipuncture for 18 mons- 3 years

Answer 33

``` External jugular vein Temporal vein Femoral vein Long saptrenous vein Popliteal vein Ankle vein ```

Question 34

Site for venipuncture of adult

Answer 34

Antecubital vein Wrist vein Dorsal hand vein Foot

Question 35

Unacceptable sites for venipucture

Answer 35

``` I.V lines in both arms Burned/scared areas Areas with hematoma Thrombosed veins Edematous areas Partial/Radical mastectomy on 1/ both arms Arm with AV shunt/fistulas Casts on arms ```

Question 36

Complications encountered in blood collection

Answer 36

``` Ecchymosis (MC) Syncope Hematoma Failure to draw blood Petechiae Edema Obesity IV therapy Hemoconcentration Hemolysis Burned, damaged,scareed/occluded veins seizures and tremors Vomiting and choking Allergies Nastectomy pxns ```

Question 37

Immediate local complication

Answer 37

``` Hemoconcentration Hematoma Failure to draw blood to enter the syringe Circulatory failure Syncope or fainting ```

Question 38

Late local complication

Answer 38

Thrombosis | Thrombophlebitis

Question 39

Late General complication

Answer 39

Hepatitis | AIDS

Question 40

Inhibits the use of glucose by blood cells Combined with Koxalate/Kedta Ex. Sodium fluoride and lithium iodoacetate

Answer 40

Antiglycolitic agent

Question 41

Glass/Silica particles

Answer 41

Clot activators

Question 42

Chelation of Calcium | MC used AC in Hema

Answer 42

EDTA

Question 43

Disadvantage of EDTA

Answer 43

Causes cell shrinkage and may result to falsely low HCT and ESR Degenerative changes in the white cells such as vacuolation of the cytoplasm, more homogenous and irregularly shaped nuclei and poorly defined cytoplasmic borders Swelling and breaking up of platelets and may result to inc. platelet count

Question 44

Naturally occurring anticoagulant Interacts with thrombin III and subsequent inhibition of thrombin 15-30 units/mL of blood Best anticoagulant when hemolysis is required Used in blood transfusion of patients with cardiac disease

Answer 44

Heparin

Question 45

Advantage of heparin

Answer 45

Does not alter size of RBC

Question 46

Disadvantages of heparin

Answer 46

Aggregation of white cells and platelets | Causes blue background in a wright-stained smear

Question 47

Binds with calcium in a soluble complex Best anticoagulant for coagulations Preserves labile clotting factor V and VII Satisfactory for platelet aggregation studies

Answer 47

3.2% Sodium Citrate

Question 48

Disadvantage of Sodium

Answer 48

Not best for patients with polycythemia | Plasma mixture causes prolonged clotting time

Question 49

Other names of Double Oxolate

Answer 49

Balanced oxalate, ammonium-potassium oxalate, wintrobe fluid, heller-paul fluid

Question 50

Suitable for HgB, rbc and wbc count, HCT and blood smears Substitute for citrate in coagulation studies 3:2

Answer 50

Double oxalate

Question 51

Separator gel is also known as

Answer 51

Thixotropic Gel

Question 52

An inert material that undergoes Temperature changes in viscosity during centrifugation process

Answer 52

Separator gel