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ImmunoSero > INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

A foreign substances that induces such an immune response?

A

Immunogen

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2
Q

Who’s english doctor in 1700s discovered the exposure to cowpox leads to smallpox immunity

A

Edward Jenner

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3
Q

Immunogen are macromolecules that are
capable of triggering an _______

A

Adaptive immune response

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4
Q

Practice of deliberately exposing an
individual to material from smallpox lesions was known as ________

A

Variolation

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5
Q

________ injecting a cellular material from an
organism which is less virulent

A

Vaccination

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6
Q

exposure to one agent produces protection against another agent is known as

A

Cross-Immunity

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7
Q

Attenuated chicken cholera
and anthrax vaccine

A

1880-1881: Pasteur

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8
Q

Process of attenuation of organisms based on Pasteur

A

Heat aging or Chemical mix

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9
Q

Therapeutic vaccination

A

1885: Louis Pasteur

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10
Q

1883-1905 : Elie Metchnikoff

A

Cellular theory of immunity: Phagocytosis

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11
Q

Humoral theory of Immunity

A

1890- Von Behring and Kitasata

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12
Q

Delayed type of immunity (Type 4)

A

1891: Robert Koch

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13
Q

1900: Erlich

A

Antibody formation theory

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14
Q

Immediate-hypersensitivity anaphylaxis (Type 1, 2, 3)

A

1902: Portier and Richet

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15
Q

Arthus Reaction of intermediate hypersensitivity

A

1903: Arthus
Type 3

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16
Q

Marrack-1938

A

Discovery of antigen-antibody binding

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17
Q

Inactivated dead viral vaccine for:

A

Intramuscular polio vaccine

Salk-1949

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18
Q

Attenuated live vaccine

A

Oral polio vaccine

Sabin 1949

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19
Q

Yellow fever vaccine

A

1951- Reed

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20
Q

old term for Major Histocompatibility Complex

A

Human Leukocyte Antigen

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21
Q

recognize a foreign substances if they are rejected or accepted (like organ transplant)

A

MHC-Major Histocompatibility Complex

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22
Q

Burnet: 1957

A

Clonal Selection Theory

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23
Q

Kohler: 1975

A

First monoclonal antibodies

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24
Q

Identification of antibody molecule

A

1972

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25
T-cell and B-cell cooperation in immune response
1964-1968
26
Identification of genes for T-cells receptor
1985-1987
27
T cell differentiate in the_______
Thymus
28
Lymphocytes is the precursor known as
Thymosine
29
enters thymus from bone marrow to blood stream
Thymosine
30
T cells produce a chemical messenger that signal the cells that we have if there is an infection, injury or inflammation.
Cytokines
31
Cytokines add immunity by stimulating B cells to produce ______
ANTIBODY
32
helps to regulate innate and adaptive immunity
T-cells
33
T-cell process
CELL MEDIATED IMMNUNITY
34
3 types of T-cells
>Helper >Cytolytic >Regulatory
35
Cluster of differentiation for helper and regulatory T cells
CD4
36
Cluster of differentiation for cytolytic T cells
CD8
37
Cell mediated immunity identify CD marker of
CD3 marker
38
Mosmann 1986
Produce CYTOKINES that contribute to formation of antibody
39
1996-1998: Pattern Recognition Receptors
Identification of toll like receptors
40
2001: a gene directing the regulatory T cells for development
FOXP3 (forkhead box P3)
41
Papilloma Virus Vaccine
Frazer: 2005
42
Example of ATTENUATED VACCINE
/Varicella Zoster Vaccine /BCG or Bacille Calmette Guarin /MMR
43
Example of Inactivated Vaccine
/Cholera vaccine /Typhoid Vaccine
44
physiological mechanisms that endow the animal with the capacity to recognize materials as foreign to itself and to neutralize, eliminate or metabolize them with or without injury to its own tissues
IMMUNITY
45
2 Types of Immunity:
1. Acquired or Adaptive Immunity 2. Natural or Innate Immunity
46
resistance that is characterized by specificity for each individual pathogen
Acquired Immunity or 3rd line of defense
47
type of immunity that is not present at birth due to diverse response for every antigen
Acquired Immunity
48
Adaptive immunity with characteristics of memory B cells
Secondary response
49
ability of an individual to resist infections by means of normally present body functions
Natural or Innate or Non-specific immunity
50
Immunity with standard response to all antigen but lacking of memory
Innate immunity
51
composed of structural barriers that prevent most infectious agents from entering the body
External Defense System or 1st line of defense
52
External defense system are:
•Linings of respiratory tract •Skin and mucosal membrane surfaces •Secretions like sweat glands, sebaceous gland, stomach acid, tears and saliva
53
Fatty acid ph level
5.6 ph
54
Hydrochloric acid ph level
1 ph
55
the most important function in the Internal Defense System
PHAGOCYTOSIS
56
Movement of particular cell through blood vessel wall
Diapedesis
57
Signals the neutrophils where infectious agent are located within the body; causes migration of cells in a particular direction.
Chemotaxins
58
Inflammation occurrence of increased?
APR-Acute Phase Reactant
59
Chemotaxins: Positive when
Towards the stimulus
60
Chemotaxins: Negative when
away from the stimulus
61
the study of a host’s reactions when foreign substances are introduced into the body
IMMUNOLOGY

ImmunoSero (2 decks)

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