Introduction to immunology - extra things from after class Flashcards
What are different factors that may reduce infectious disease rates worlwide?
Clean water
hygiene
vaccines
etc.
What are the different components of the chain of transmission?
Pathogen –> reservoir –> portal of exit –> mode of transmission –> portal of entry –> susceptible host
What is the main way to break the chian of transmission?
Break the reservoir
What are ways to control the reservoir?
Control vector/animal reservoir Sewage disposal water treatment and purification Proper storage and cooking of food disinfectants and antibiotics
What is the main way to eliminate the mode of transmission?
Good hygiene practices: washing hands, filter masks, etc.
How can we eliminate the susceptible host part of the chain of transmission?
Adopting healthy practices such as exercise, eating well, sleeping well
vaccinations
Why are individuals undergoing chemo susceptible to infection?
Chemo wipes out marrow cells
What is the number one way to prevent a person from being a susceptible host?
vaccinations
How can vaccines prevent infectious diseases from affecting other, non-vaccinated individuals?
Herd immunity
Why do children have a weak immune system before 1 year of age?
Hematopoeisis is slow in young children, so they don’t produce enough WBCs to fight off infections very well
Why do elderly individuals have weaker immune systems?
Hematopoeisis declines with age
When is the process of hematopoeisis strongest?
teens
Proteins are located in which layer of blood when centrifuged?
Plasma
What three layers are there for blood centrifugation?
Plasma (top)
RBCs (bottom)
Platelets and WBCs (interface)
What is plasma used for?
To replace proteins in a patient or to increase blood volume
