Introduction to Language Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is linguistic competence?
mostly subconscious knowledge of rule systems
What is linguistic performance
use of linguistic competence, comprehension of language
What factors affect language v dialect
- Mutual intelligibility, this can be seen on a continuum, it can be one sided/not mutual
- Socio political and ethnic factors, you cannot isolate and tidily box up a language, can imply a linguistic hierarchy e.g., is Australian English a dialect of British English?
What are Hockett’s …..?
What are examples of performance errors?
unfinished words, mispronunciation, false starts
Give examples of how language contact arises
- conquest/colonialisation
- globalisation/commerce and media
- education
- official language/politics
- migration
What are the outcomes of language contact?
- multilingualism
- language shift and death
- language change/borrowing
- language birth, pidgins/creoles
what is multilingualism?
ability to produce meaningful utterances in other languages, individual or societal (it’s the norm)
What is a diglossia?
2 varieties of language existing side by side in a speech community, differing levels of prestige/usage
what is code-switching?
switching or mixing codes, can be for solidarity/accommodation/prestige
what is matter replication? (loan words)
direct replication of morphemes and phonological shapes from a source language , sometimes to fill a lexical gap
What are loan translations/calques?
copies a pattern of the source, but not the form, example would be skyscraper from the german
What is a pidgin?
Superstrate (dominant language group) vs Substrate (the indigenous language)
what is a creole?
pidgin that has become L1 for new generation
What is monogenesis?
theory that all languages (or set) originate from a single source
what is polygenesis?
similarities perhaps arise through shared circumstances
What are the 3 points on the post-creole continuum?
- acrolect: closest to superstrate
- mesolect: middle ground
- basilect: closest to substrate
