Introduction to Measuring and Leveling Devices Flashcards
A transit is used to measure horizontal and ? angles.
vertical
A ? is a given or standard basis of reckoning
datum
A point whose elevation is known and marked is called a ?.
benchmark (B.M.)
The United States Geographical Service (USGS) establishes benchmarks throughout the United States along major highways.
Station points are numbered and meant to be read from the starting point of the line.
When a station is located with a wood stake, such as when laying out a transmission line, the number of the station is put on the ?
back of the stake.
The information is written with keel, a waterproof crayon. It can be red, blue, or yellow depending on the color of the wood or surveyor’s preference, but it is usually marked in yellow.
Several ? may be placed around a hub to protect it and convey necessary information.
guard stakes
? are markers used to identify the route of the line between stations.
Line stakes
? are used when earth must be excavated or filled in.
Slope stakes
? are made with the leveling screws that support the telescope and spirit level tube.
Leveling adjustments
The person who operates a level instrument is called a ?.
levelman
In leveling, a rod reading on a known elevation point is called a ?
backsight (B.S.).
If the elevation of the point is to be determined, the reading is called a
foresight (F.S.).
A point between two benchmarks from which both a foresight and a backsight reading are taken is called a ?
turning point (T.P.),
