Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Define empirical formula.
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule
Define molecular formula
Gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule
Define displayed formula
Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule
Define structural formula
Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond
Define skeletal formula
Drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each C atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H
Give the suffixes for:
a) Nodoublebonds
b) Atleastonedoublebond c) Analcohol
d) Analdehyde
e) Aketone
f) Acarboxylicacid
a) Nodoublebonds-ane
b) Atleastonedoublebond-ene
c) Analcohol-ol d) Analdehyde-al e) Aketone-one
f) Acarboxylicacid-oicacid
Give the prefixes for:
a) CH3 group b) C2H5 group c) C3H7 group d) C4H9 group e) Clgroup
f) Brgroup g) Igroup
a) CH3 group methyl- b) C2H5 group ethyl-
c) C3H7 group propyl- d) C4H9 group butyl- e) Clgroupchloro-
f) Brgroupbromo- g) Igroupiodo-
a) CH3 group methyl- b) C2H5 group ethyl-
c) C3H7 group propyl- d) C4H9 group butyl- e) Clgroupchloro-
f) Brgroupbromo- g) Igroupiodo-
Define structural isomerism
When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
What is positional isomerism?
Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place
What is functional group isomerism?
Same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms
What is chain isomerism?
Hydrocarbon chain organised differently e.g. branched chains
Define stereoisomerism.
When molecules have the same structural and molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms in space
What is E-Z isomerism and how are the E and Z isomers decided?
E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C double bonds
If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond, it is the Z (zusammen) isomer
If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer
