Transition metals Flashcards
Define a transition element
An element which forms at least one stable ion with a partially full d-shell of electrons
Where are the transition metals located in the periodic table?
In the middle (block from Ti to Cu) - part of the d-block
What are some characteristic physical properties of transition metals?
Metallic, good conductors of heat and electricity, hard, strong, shiny, high m.p., high b.p., low reactivity.
Some uses of iron?
Vehicle bodies, to reinforce concrete
Some uses of titanium?
Jet engine parts
Some uses of copper?
Water pipes
What are the characteristic chemical properties of transition metals (4)?
Variable oxidation states → take part in many redox reactions Coloured compounds/ions in solution
Good catalysts
Form complex ions
Define the term complex ion
Central transition metal ion surrounded by ligands (other ions/molecules) that are co-ordinated bonded to it.
Give some example of transition metals catalysts and the processes/reactions they catalyse (3)?
Iron - Haber process
Vanadium (V) oxide - Contact process MnO2 - decomposition of H2O2
Which electrons do transition metals lose first when forming ions?
4s
Define the term ligand
An ion or molecule with at least one lone pair of electrons, that donates them to a transition metal ion to form a co-ordinate bond and thus a complex ion.
Define the term mono/unidentate ligands
A ligand that forms one co-ordinate bond to the central metal ion (one lone pair to donate)
Define the term multidentate ligand.
A ligand that forms three or more co-ordinate bonds to the central metal ion
Define the term bidentate ligand.
A ligand that forms two co-ordinate bonds to the central metal ion (2 lone pairs to donate)
Give some examples of common monodentate ligands (4).
Cl-, H2O, NH3, CN-
Draw ethanedioate; how many co-ordinate bonds can it form to a transition metal ion?
2 co-ordinate bonds. and check
Draw benzene-1,2-diol; how many co-ordinate bonds can it form to a transition metal ion?
check and 2
