Introduction to Orthotics and Prosthetics/ UE Orthosis

Question 1

What is orthosis?

Answer 1

1. Stabilize the body
2. Assist Weak Muscles
3. Stop undesirable motions

Question 1

What does an Orthotist do?

Answer 1

A professional job who designs, fabricates and adjust to people who need orthosis devices in order to get back on ADL’s.

Question 2

What is the primary purpose of all upper limb orthoses, and how does it relate to the the rehabilitation program and their prescription?

Answer 2

1. Substitute weak or absent muscles.
2. Protect damaged or diseased segments.
3. Prevention of deformity
4. Correction of Contractures
5. Attachment of other assistive devices.

Question 3

It refers to a device that is applied externally to the body to support or improve the function of that body segment.

Answer 3

Orthosis

Question 4

Any external device use to modify structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular skeletal system.

Answer 4

Orthosis

Question 5

Functions of Orthosis

Answer 5

1. Corrects Alignment
2. Accommodates Deformity
3. Protect painful areas.

Question 6

Biomechanical Principles of Orthosis

Answer 6

1. Three-point control concept
2. Tissue tolerance to compression and shear forces
3. The biomechanics of levers and forces
4. Selection of materials
5. Static versus dynamic control

Question 7

This biomechanical principle is a primary force that applied generally at the joint to be corrected, and counterforces are applied both above and below the primary force.

Answer 7

Three-point control concept or Three-point pressure system

Question 8

Avoiding prolonged excessive pressure over the bony prominences will preserve the skin integrity and pt. comfort. What biomechanical principle is applied?

Answer 8

Tissue tolerance to compression and shear forces

Question 9

How many/much is the pressure sensitive bony prominences in the wrist, hand, and fingers alone?

Answer 9

More than 30 pressure-sensitive bony prominences

Question 10

How many/much pressure and time can a patient tolerate in a high pressure duration curve?

Answer 10

100-300 mmHg for 2-4 hours continuously

Question 11

How many/much pressure and time can a patient tolerate in a low pressure duration curve?

Answer 11

20-50 mmHg for 12 hours a day continuously

Question 12

This biomechanical principle deals about a seesaw that has a force applied at both ends with a central fulcrum.

Answer 12

The biomechanics of the lever and the forces.

Question 13

What should be the rehabilitation specialist must take to consider to understand the biomechanics of the lever and the forces?

Answer 13

The relationship between the magnitude of the pressure applied (forces) and the distance of the fulcrum (lever).

Question 14

How many/much applied to a proximal and distal to the central fulcrum?

Answer 14

One force (central fulcrum) and two forces

Question 15

T or F
The farther from the fulcrum or from the joint, the less pressure needed to generate a fixed forced across the joint.

Answer 15

T

Question 16

This principle depends on the flexibility, strength and durability in which it is necessary to achieve a proper outcome.

Answer 16

Selection of materials

Question 17

Two basic types of hand grips.

Answer 17

Power and Precision

Question 18

Basic Prehension Patterns

Answer 18

Pinch, Grasp, and Hook

Question 19

If there is a clawhand deformity, how should you immobilized the pt.’s hand as a PT?

Answer 19

Wrist should be Slight extension and neutral pronation/supination

Question 20

Fill in the blanks:
The ___ joints of the fingers should be immobilized in extension, but the _______ Joints should be immobilized into flexion to maintain ______ ligaments. The thumb should be immobilized opposite the fingers in ________ and ______.

Answer 20

IP; MCP; Collateral; palmar abduction and extension.

Question 21

This type of orthosis have no movable joints incorporated into the design. This may allow active joint motion in one direction but block motion in another direction.

Answer 21

Static Orthosis

Question 22

This type of orthosis have movable joints that can limit motion. This increase motion through traction and substitute for weak muscles using supplemental force (assist).

Answer 22

Dynamic Orthosis

Question 23

This type of orthosis and will incorporate features of both static and dynamic orthoses into one device.

Answer 23

Hybrid Orthosis

Question 24

All upper limb orthosis is classified into what?

Answer 24

1 out of 3 categories of orthosis: can be static, dynamic, or hybrid.

Question 25

The static orthosis may also be changed or adjusted to alter the motion allowed or alter the pressure across a joint for stretching purposes. What do you call this term?

Answer 25

Static Progressive Splint

Question 26

T or F The IP and MCP joints should be immobilized as soon as possible to prevent contracture and adhesions of the long flexor and extensor tendons.

Answer 26

False: mobilize

Question 27

Types of UE Orthosis

Answer 27

1. Non-Articular 2. Static 3. Serial Static 4. Static Motion Blocking 5. Static Progressive 6. Dynamic 7. Dynamic Motion-Blocking 8. Dynamic Traction Splints 9. Tenodesis Splint 10. Continuous Passive Motion Orthoses 11. Adaptive or Functional Usage

Question 28

This type of splint provides supports to a body part without crossing any joints.

Answer 28

Non-Articular

Question 29

Type of Non-Articular Splints

Answer 29

1. Non articular Sarmiento Brace 2. Sugar Tong Splint 3. Gel Shell Splint

Question 30

It is used to immobilize the humerus after a fracture allows full range of motion of all the joints involved in the injured extremity.

Answer 30

Non articular Sarmiento Brace

Question 31

■ Is ideal for splinting fractures of the radius, ulna, or wrist. ■ Prevents flexion and extension at the wrist, limits flexion and extension at the elbow, and prevents supination and pronation.

Answer 31

Sugar Tong Splint

Question 32

A splint that exert pressure over a healing scar to prevent hypertrophic scarring.

Answer 32

Gel Shell Splint

Question 33

This type of splint provides static support to hold a joint or joint stationary.

Answer 33

Static Splint

Question 34

What splints would you use if patient has a CTS?

Answer 34

Volar Wrist Splints

Question 35

This splint is used for immobilization for a distal phalanx fracture.

Answer 35

Hand-based static thumb splint with IP joint.

Question 36

This type of splint is also static but is periodically changed to alter the joint angle at which the splint is positioned. This also provides a prolonged gentle stretch.

Answer 36

Serial Static

Question 37

This type of splint permits motion in one direction but blocks motion in another.

Answer 37

Static motion-blocking

Question 38

This splint is designed to allow flexion but to block hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and for Swan Neck Deformity.

Answer 38

Swan Neck Splint

Question 39

This type of splinting is the one most commonly used for regaining joint motion.

Answer 39

Static Progressive

Question 40

What is the difference between the static progressive and serial static?

Answer 40

static progressive splints uses elastic pull band.

Question 41

■ Decreases the static line length as it is turned, thereby increasing the range of motion ■ Most commonly used splint for regaining joint motion ■ Some patients may tolerate static progressive over dynamic orthosis, possibly due to the joint position constant while the tissue accommodates gently and gradually to the tension, without the influence of gravity or motion.

Answer 41

Merit Static Progressive Component

Question 42

This type of splint provides an elastic force to regain motion.

Answer 42

Dynamic Splints

Question 43

Type of Dynamic Splints

Answer 43

1. Capener Splint 2. Finger Extension Splint 3. LMB Extension type of finger splint

Question 44

This is a dynamic splint which uses a SPRING COIL assist to increase extension in a PIP joint with a mild contracture.

Answer 44

Capener Splint

Question 45

This type of dynamic splint which uses a spring coil or WIRE TENSION assist designed to increase extension in a PIP joint with a mild contracture

Answer 45

Finger-Extension Splint

Question 46

This type of dynamic splint produces extension of the proximal interphalangeal or distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers or thumb.

Answer 46

LMB Extension Type of Finger Splint

Question 47

○ This type of splint allows certain motions but blocks others ○ It utilizes a passive, elastic line of pull in the desired direction but permits active motion in the opposite direction.

Answer 47

Dynamic Motion-Blocking

Question 48

This type of dynamic motion-blocking splint is used for flexor tendon repairs where it passively pulls the finger into flexion with an elastic thread or rubber band. It also allows active digital extension, while parts of the splint block full extension of the MCP joint and the wrist.

Answer 48

KLEINERT POSTOPERATIVE SPLINT

Question 49

This type of splint offers traction to a joint while allowing controlled motion.

Answer 49

Dynamic Traction Splint

Question 50

1. This type of dynamic traction splint gives constant longitudinal traction while the joint is gently flexed and extended. 2. This is also called as?

Answer 50

1. Intra Articular Fracture Splint 2. Schenk Splint

Question 51

This type of splint facilitates function in a hand that has lost motion due to nervous system injury.

Answer 51

Tenodesis Splint

Question 52

This type of tenodesis splint assists the patient with a C6 spinal cord injury to achieve a functional pinch. Also, active extension of the wrist produces, through tenodesis action, controlled passive flexion of the fingers against a static thumb post.

Answer 52

REHABILITATION INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO TENODESIS SPLINT

Question 53

These are electrically powered devices that mechanically move joints through a desired range of motion.

Answer 53

CONTINUOUS PASSIVE MOTION ORTHOSES

Question 54

These devices promote functional use of the upper limb with impairment due to weakness, paralysis, or loss of a body part.

Answer 54

ADAPTIVE OR FUNCTIONAL USAGE

Question 55

This type of adaptive or functional usage encompasses the hand and holds various small items such as fork, pen, or toothbrush.

Answer 55

Universal Cuff

Question 56

Any device that replaces a body part.

Answer 56

Prosthesis

Question 57

Specifications for the ideal prosthesis/orthosis

Answer 57

Function Comfort Fabrication Cosmesis Economics

Question 58

What is the most important factors used to determine which type of orthosis or type of material to choose?

Answer 58

1. Weight 2. Age 3. Activity Level 4. Potential

Question 59

First consideration of the process

Answer 59

Material Selection

Question 60

Important Characteristics of Prosthetic and Orthotic Materials

Answer 60

1. Strength 2. Stiffness 3. Durability 4. Density 5. Corrosion Resistance 6. Ease of fabrication

Question 61

Give me the materials that are used for orthosis and prosthesis

Answer 61

Metal and Plastic Components

Question 62

Give me example of metals used for orthosis and prosthesis

Answer 62

Aluminum, carbon fiber, and stainless steel

Question 63

Give me example of plastics used for orthosis and prosthesis

Answer 63

Polypropylene and Polyethylene